1. Energy Resources: Production and Consumption prepared by Dr Jehad Yamin

2. 2 Contents Non-Renewable Energy Resources [slide 3] Renewable Energy Sources [slide 4] Peak Production of Petroleum in US [slide 5] Projected World Peak Production of Petroleum [slide 6] Projected World Peak Production of Petroleum [slide 7] Regional Shares of Crude Oil [slide 8] World Oil Production[slide 9] World Total Primary Energy Supply [slide 10] World Total Energy Consumption Projections [slide 11] World Total Energy Consumption Projections (by fuel type) [slide 12] World Total Energy Consumption 1990 -2020 (by region) [slide 13] U.S. Energy Flow[slide 14] U.S. Energy Consumption and Renewable Supply[slide 15] Additional Resources[slide 16]

3. 3 Non-Renewable Energy Sources Conventional –Petroleum –Natural Gas –Coal –Nuclear Unconventional (examples) –Oil Shale –Natural gas hydrates in marine sediment

4. 4 Renewable Energy Sources Solar photovoltaics Solar thermal power Passive solar air and water heating Wind Hydropower Biomass Ocean energy Geothermal Waste to Energy

5. 5 World Energy Consumption

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7. 7 World Total Energy Consumption 1990 -2020 (Quadrillion Btu)

8. BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012 bp.com/statisticalreview

9. Oil BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

10. Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

11. Distribution of proved oil reserves

12. Oil production/consumption by region

13. Oil consumption per capita

14. Oil product consumption by region

16. Chart of Rotterdam & Gulf Coast product prices

17. Chart of crude oil prices since 1861

18. Chart of refinery utilisation

19. Chart of regional refining margins

20. Major oil trade movements

21. Global oil reserves rose by 31 billion barrels to 1,653 billion barrels in 2011 Iraq added 28 billion bbls and Russia, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia all increased reserves by 1 billion bbls. Proved reserves remain concentrated in OPEC which controls 72% of the world’s oil reserves, the highest proportion since 1998. Overall, the long-term trend is the world continues to add more reserves than it uses while the global R/P ratio stands at 54.2 at the end of 2011. 21

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23. Natural Gas BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

24. Gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

25. Distribution of proved gas reserves BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

26. Gas production/consumption by region BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

27. Gas consumption per capita BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

28. Chart of gas prices BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

29. Major gas trade movements

30. Coal

31. Coal reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

32. Distribution of proved coal reserves

33. Coal production/consumption by region

34. Coal consumption per capita

35. Renewable energy BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012 © BP 2012

36. Renewable energy consumption/share of power

37. Renewable energy production by region

38. Biofuels 38

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40. Geothermal capacity Geothermal capacity grew by just 0.8% (88 MW) in 2011, to reach 11 GW. Geothermal capacity has now been overtaken by solar power capacity, but geothermal power runs at a much higher load factor solar (its source is continuous rather than intermittent), so geothermal still produces significantly more electricity than solar. Only two major projects were completed in 2011, in Iceland (90 MW) and Costa Rica (42 MW), while Mexico shut down an old plant (78 MW). The US has the largest geothermal capacity, now just over 3.1 GW (28.3% of the world total), followed by the Philippines (2.0 GW), Indonesia (1.2 GW) and Mexico (0.9 GW). 40

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42. Solar capacity 42

43. Wind capacity 43