1. Titrations

2. Titration Method for determining the concentration of an unknown solution A measured volume of a solution of known concentration (titrant) is delivered to a solution of unknown concentration (analyte) Equivalence point is where exactly enough titrant is added to react with the analyte Indicator is marked by an indicator Equivalence is where the indicator changes color

3. Picture

4. Example An environmental chemist analyzed the waste material from an industrial process. The material is known to contain carbon tetrachloride and benzoic acid (HC 7 H 5 O 2 ). A sample of the waste weighing.3518g was shaken with water and the resulting solution required 10.59 ml of.1546M NaOH for neutralization. What percent of the sample was benzoic acid?

5. Standardization Titration procedure used to determine the exact concentration of a solution

6. Standardization Example A student weighs out a 1.3009g sample of KHC 8 H 4 O 4 (KHP) and dissolves it in distilled water. Phenolphthalein indicator is then added and the solution is titrated with an NaOH solution until the endpoint. The difference between the initial and final buret readings is 41.20ml. Calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution.

7. Inquiry Lab Develop a procedure for the standardization of sodium hydroxide solution using between 0.40 and 0.60 g of KHP Multiple trials (at least 3) must be carried out with the results varying by no more than two standard deviations Report your standardized molarity in the form ____M ± ___ M