1. Jeff Wojtusik Danielle Howe Matthew Knauf

2. Background Project began Fall 2012 with P13625 Sarah Brownell - Guide Dr. James Myers – Customer Team was charged with building an air quality monitor with increased functionality over previous models. Previous model was created by Berkeley Air Quality monitoring Group in conjunction with University of California Berkeley. Known as UCB-PATS

3. Background: AQM To improve performance and feasibility, broke project down into 2 similar monitors Both will monitor temperature, humidity, and PM First monitor will record CO levels Second monitor will record NOx and SOx levels

4. VOC: Customer Needs: AQM Customer needs: Primarily need monitor to have functionality of UCB-PATS Additionally want to monitor CO and humidity

5. VOC Review: Technical Goals: AQM Monitor should have all capabilities of the UCB-PATS monitor Ensure all sensors record continuous data Increase the battery life Improve upon UI Create a monitor which is discrete in subject’s home Monitor is capable of resisting outside environment, shipping, and installation

6. Functional Decomposition: AQM

7. Specifications: AQM

8. Project Budget: AQM ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost PVC Junction Box w/ Cover1$12.00 PCB1$45.00 CO Sensor (MQ 7)1$10.00 CO Sensor Breakout Board1$15.00 Particulate Matter Sensor (Shinyei)1$50.00 Temperature & Humidity Sensor (SHT15)1$45.00 Microcontroller (MSP430)1$10.00 AA Battery12$0.65$7.80 Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00 Total$232.80 Previous monitor purchase cost was $435 $200 of which was labor This project looks to follow the same path. Anticipated budget for this project is $500 Need money to test sensors and purchase additional materials Includes shipping costs as well.

9. Feasibility Analysis: Cost and Weight Team wanted to prove that the monitor would not be so heavy that it could damage a home. Cost of monitor should be in line with customer needs and specs.

10. Feasibility Analysis: Power Consump.

12. Feasibility Analysis: Size

13. VOC: Customer Needs: SOx NOx Customer Needs same as AQM, just changing what is being monitored Also needs to be able to record Temperature and Humidity like UCB-Pats monitor

14. VOE: Differences between AQM and SOx NOx Functional Decomposition -what needed to be sensed and what data was being recorded are different Metrics and Specifications-again similar to AQM except for the ranges and types of gases being sensed

15. Budget: SOx NOx ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost PVC Junction Box w/ Cover1$12.00 PCB1$45.00 NOX Sensor1$95.00 SOX Sensor1$80.00 Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00 Temperature & Humidity Sensor1$45.00 Microcontroller1$10.00 C Battery12$0.65$7.80 Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00 Total$382.80 There is no customer for this project yet, so there is no actual funding However, for the future the proposed budget seen here shows the major cost of the primary components High cost items for this project are the SOx and NOx sensors, they are much more pricey than the CO sensors available for the AQM

16. Feasibility In order for the project to run a basic feasibility analysis should be done The major criteria that could pose an issue to the success of this project are: Size: About the Size of RIT’s P13625 and UCB-PATS Monitors Weight: Total < 10lbs Batter y Life: Should last between 5-10 days

17. Feasibility: Battery Life A basic power analysis was run to determine battery life AA batteries are not good enough for the power need for these sensors 2 sets of 6 C batteries in parallel are needed to obtain a battery life between 5-10 days

18. Feasibility: Size and Weight Weight feasibility with all major components came out well below the spec of 10lbs at 3.4lbs The UCB-PATS Volume was 667 cm 3 and the previous AQM was 2630 cm 3 Adding up the volumes and multiplying by a packing factor the volume was within range at 840cm 3

19. Staffing: NOx SOx/AQM Since the only difference between the two is the type of sensors being used the staff should be the same Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed EE 2 Knowledge and experience with sensors and breakout boards. Ability to deal with power distribution and power optimization. ME 1 Machining, simple system design, CAD modeling. CE 2 Programming for microcontrollers and sensors. ISE 0-1 Project Management skills. Other

20. Project Background: Lamp Post Monitor Across the globe there is a growing issue with air quality and its impact upon personal health. The purpose of this project is to develop a monitor that can visually show bystanders what kind of contaminants they are being exposed to in real time. Hopefully, by showing people this it might push for a movement to reduce environmental emissions and improve air quality. Smog in Hong Kong

21. Voice of Customer Currently this group is the primary customer, all of the VOC were determined by us. Similar needs to AQMs, with additional sensors Rather than focusing on discreteness, monitor needs to be able to withstand outdoor conditions and visually display gas levels Customer Need # ImportanceDescription CN19 Device can operate in an outdoor environment(Rochester), year round CN29Monitor is affordable to MSD Department CN39Tracks and records CO CN49Tracks and records PM2.5 CN59 Electronics need to resist local environmental factors in operating area CN69Monitor should be able to be run on 120V power CN79Monitor is discrete CN89Tracks and records Temperature CN99Tracks and records Humidity CN109Sensors records discrete data at high sampling rate CN119Software displays live data to viewers CN129Software records data for later review CN139Tracks and records ground level O3 CN143Sensors record data over a continuous envelope of levels CN151Tracks and records NO2 CN161Tracks and records SO2 CN171Tracks and records PM10 CN181Operates without user action for at least a month

22. Functional Decomposition

23. Voice of Customer: Technical Goals Ensure that monitor has the durability to endure outdoor conditions for extended period of time Monitor display Gas levels need to clearly be displayed visually Monitor records continuous data that can be easily imported to computer by researcher

24. Metrics and Specs Four main focuses of specifications: Sensor technology Monitor durability Data collection and storage Visible display of data

25. Feasibility The major criteria that could pose an issue to the success of this project are: Size: Small enough to be non-obstructively mounted on lamp-post Weight: Total < 10lbs Power: Can be powered by traditional 120V, 20A power source Cost: Project needs to be affordable to MSD department

26. Budget ComponentQuantity EachTotal Cost Weather-Proof Junction Box1$23.00 PCB1$45.00 CO Sensor1$10.00 CO Sensor Breakout Board1$15.00 Particulate Matter Sensor1$50.00 Temperature & Humidity Sensor1$45.00 Ozone Sensor1$13.00 Microcontroller1$10.00 AC Power Adaptor1$15.00 Internal Structure(dividers)2$4.00$8.00 LCD Screen1$126.00 Miscellaneous Mounting Equipment---$30.00 Miscellaneous Electrical Components---$10.00 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---$20.00 Total$420.00

27. Electrical Feasibility Un-Optimized (Full Burn) ComponentAverage Power (W) Microcontroller220 μA3.3 V0.000726 PM90 mA5 V0.45 CO350 mW 0.35 Temp & Humidity3 mW 0.003 Ozone1100mW 1.1 LED60 mW 0.06 LCD Screen400 μA5.5V0.0022 Total1.965926W Amps Drawn0.218436A 218.4362mA Optimized (With Sleep Cycle) ComponentAverage Power (W) Microcontroller180 μA3.3 V0.000594 PM75 mA5 V0.375 CO350 mW 0.2 Temp & Humidity150 µW 0.00015 Ozone1100mW 0.68 LED20 mW 0.02 LCD Screen400 μA5.5V0.00165 Total1.277394W Amps Drawn0.141933A 141.9327mA

28. Size and Weight Feasibility Component Volume (cm 3 ) PCB Board22.7 CO Sensor30.3 Particulate Matter Sensor44.9 Temperature & Humidity Sensor1.9 Ozone Sensor1.21 LCD Screen74.53 Preliminary Total175.6 Factor to account for air flow, packing4 Total702.6 ComponentQuantity EachTotal Weight (Oz.) PVC Junction Box w/ Cover132 PCB133 CO Sensor10.1 CO Breakout Board Sensor10.5 Particulate Matter Sensor111 Temperature & Humidity Sensor10.5 Microcontroller10.1 Ozone Sensor10.2 Internal Structure(dividers)248 LCD Screen122 Miscellaneous Mounting Equipment---88 Miscellaneous Electrical Components---55 Miscellaneous Connecting Components---88 Total (Oz.)68.4 Total (lbs.)4.3

29. Staffing Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed EE 2 EE students will be concerned with device programing, battery power design and power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc. ME 1 ME students are to focus on designing the lamp post structure and physical monitor design. CAD modeling. CE 2 CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the device and computer. ISE 0-1 Project Management skills.

30. Remberto Gutierrez Marc Koehler Arielle Mizov

31. In order to calibrate the Air Quality Monitor a need for a test chamber came about Needs to expose the AQM to PM2.5 and varying levels of CO Needs to expose the monitor to varying temperature and humidity levels that compare to Haiti Voice of Customer

32. Objective: Test multiple varieties of sensors against each other in a basic container to determine the best sensors for future use. Possible Solutions: Glass Box with Integrated "2 in 1" Sensor and Internal Experimental Burning Concrete Box with 2 Non-Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental Burning and Matlab Use Trash Can with 2 Integrated Sensors and Internal Experimental Burning Basic Test Box

33. The largest cost for this project will be the material for the chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may not need as much material as anticipated Budget

34. Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed ( concise descriptions ) EE 1 EE students will be concerned with device programing, power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc. ME 1 ME students will be concerned with integrating the monitor and computer into the chamber CE 1 CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the chamber and computer. ISE 0-1 Project Management Skills Staffing

35. Concentrate on developing a test chamber while using simple sensors Provides data at the end of test of the conditions inside the chamber Capable of varying CO, PM, temperature, and humidity Possible Option: Rise and reduce temperature through a blower and a heater located inside the test chamber Test Chamber with Simple Sensors

36. The largest cost for this project will be the material for the chambers which will put the project over budget, however they may not need as much material as anticipated Budget

37. Staffing Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed ( concise descriptions ) EE 2 Assessment of the sensor selection, connections, electrical power ME 2 Design of the test chamber, combustion, and stoichiometric analysis, CAD Modeling CE 1 Interface and data analysis

38. Combination of the developed chamber and the best sensors from previous projects Develop a better interface for the test chamber Allow the user to manipulate the environment more easily Output live data and a more comprehensive report of the test Possible Options: Computer attached to chamber Transfer data to/from a computer (not attached) Integrated Chamber with Improved Interface

39. The largest cost for this project will be integrating the computer system which greatly increases the cost of the project. The budget will need to increased in order to complete this project. Budget

40. DisciplineHow Many?Anticipated Skills Needed ( concise descriptions ) EE 2 EE students will be concerned with device programing, power management, data transfer, computer interface, etc. ME 2 ME students will be concerned with integrating the monitor and computer into the chamber CE 2 CE students are to develop the computer software interface and communication between the chamber and computer. ISE 0-1 Project Management Skills Staffing

41. Determine the Cost for a Test Chamber Assumptions: We would like a test chamber that is made of stainless steel. We would like the stainless steel to have the following qualities: High temperature and corrosion resistance with low maintenance requirements. Nonmagnetic, with good weldability and formability. Also, something that is frequently used in heat treating, moisture barriers, chemical tanks, heat exchangers, fin stock, chemical equipment, metal stampings, and shim stock. Alloy 34 seems to be the best type of stainless steel to use. The reason why is because is it 100% recyclable. Alloy 304 is the most widely used stainless alloy. Alloy 309 has better temperature resistance at higher temperatures. Alloy 321 has titanium added for superior corrosion resistance and weldability. Specifications: Foil Roll, High Temp Foil, Stainless Steel, 309, Thickness 0.002 In, Width 24 In, Length 50 ft, Finish Plain, Temper Soft, Thickness Tolerance +/-0.0002 In, Width Tolerance +/-.010, Length Tolerance +/-1 Linear Foot, Typical Tensile Strength 75, 000 min PSI, Typical Yield Strength 30, 000 min PSI, Standards A240 Incorporating these specifications, it is approximately $375 and the weight of the stainless steel is about 10 lbs. We were looking for a test that weighs approximately 10-15 lbs and is under $500 so this seems feasible. Feasibility Analysis

42. Compute a Simplified Power Summation Most modern united states circuits are 15 – 20 amps with 120 being the standard number of volts acquired from a power. we are content with anything lower than 2400 W. Power = Current * Voltage (P=IV). *minimum: 1800 W, maximum: 2400 W* Note: For continuous loads (on for more than three hours), the limit is 20% lower: therefore, there will be 12 – 16 amps with 120 V is there is a load on for more than three hours. *minimum: 1440 W, maximum: 1920 W* Laptop: Make & model: Lenovo Thinkcentre m91 w/ Lenovo LCD (purchased early 2012) Basic specifications: Core i7, 8.0 gb ram, windows 7 professional (clean) off (plugged in): 1 W boot (peak): 88 W moderate use (range): 50 – 68 W quiescent (5 minutes of no activity): 40Ww sleep: 1 W Mixing Fan: Axial Fan, 115VAC, 4-11/16in H, 4-11/16in W: 18 W Feasibility Analysis

43. Determine the time of combustion for PM: 25000ug/m^3 is an ideal value of Particulate matter which requires a 24h operation in the test chamber to correlate result with EPA standards The table shown above provide a reference to make an estimation on time of combustion process to create the required concentration of PM Feasibility Analysis http://www.ieabcc.nl/publications/Nussbaumer_et_al_IEA_ReportPM10_Jan_2008.pdf

44. Determine the time of combustion for CO: The concentration of CO is 0-2000 ppm. Based on EPA standards and old household detectors limits we might estimate the time of combustion which is 100ppm in 16 min. Concentrations differ as the times varies. The table below shows the different times for which a common CO detector works. Feasibility Analysis http://www.usa829.org/Portals/0/Documents/Health-and-Safety/Safety-Library/Carbon-Monoxide-and- CO-Detectors.pdf

45. Determine how long it would take CO and PM to diffuse in the chamber if no mixing were to occur Assumed the volume the gas needed to fill Assumed the velocity the gas would be traveling based off of a potential fan that would be used Determined the flow rate based off of the equation Q = vA Found that it would take less than a minute to fill the container which is a reasonable time Feasibility Analysis

46. Questions?