2. Agenda Thursday 9/30 1.QUIZ!!! 2.Collect Sensory Figures Project 3.Notes: The Road to the Constitution 4.Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists  HOMEWORK  Chapter 1 and 2 Exam Monday Oct 4  Study for Jeopardy Game Show

3. The Road to the Constitution

4. Quick Review: How does the incident at Tiananmen Square conflict with John Locke’s ideas of government? Use your notes.

5. Up until now, we have been discussing the various important documents leading to the creation of the Constitution Magna Carta 1215 Declaration of Independence 1776 The Articles of Confederation 1781

6. The Articles of Confederation was America’s first written Constitution It was a plan to unite the 13 colonies under one national government and lay out the rules

7. … It gave Congress the power to declare war, raise an army, create money systems, and make sure the states all get along

8. … but the Articles of Confederation only lasted from 1781 – 1787 because of its weaknesses Weakness #1- The national government they set up only had one body- CONGRESS- but did not have an executive or judicial branch. WEAK!

9. Weakness #2- Congress could not tax the states to raise money

10. Weakness #3- Congress had no way to make changes to the laws or even really make states obey the laws Do what I say! Um… No.

11. Without a strong central government to maintain order, the alliance between the states began to fall apart Tax you! Tax you too! We don’t trust you… Forget the Articles of Confederation, I’m not backing you!

12. Congress sensed the urgency to create a strong national government This is not working out. Let’s create a new set of laws. So they decided to hold a convention (a meeting) in Philadelphia to fix the states’ problems PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION

13. Alexander Hamilton James Madison Benjamin Franklin George Washington Delegates from 12 of 13 states attended, many of whom were the biggest names in America

14. The only state that did not join the party was Rhode Island

15. The Framers of the Constitution met secretly throughout the summer of 1787 and came up with a few plans to replace the Articles of Confederation Framers of the Constitution- the group of delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention

16. Delegates from Virginia were the first to propose a plan Their plan gave more power to bigger states with higher populations Inevitably, the smaller states like New Jersey did not like it so they created their own plan

17. Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan Created 3 separate branches- legislative, executive, and judicial Representation in legislature (Congress) is based on population or amt. of money it gave to the government Make national government stronger Agree w/ 3 branches of gov’t 1 vote per state (just like the Articles of Confederation) Limit national government power

18. Finally, some compromise… 1. Connecticut Compromise required Congress to be divided into 2 houses Congress Senate House of Representatives 2 from each state (100) Based on Population of each state (435 total)

19. 2. Three-Fifths Compromise- the agreement to count slaves as 3/5 of a person when totaling population Plantation owners in the South where ½ the population is made up of slaves Who did this benefit? MOST

20. Finally, after a long hot summer… September 17, 1787- THE CONSTITUTION IS COMPLETE WITH 39 SIGNATURES OF APPROVAL It’s finally finished. BYAAAAAAAAAA AAHHH!!!

21. Now came the problem of ratifying (or approving) the Constitution… 9 of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution for it to take effect

22. Not everyone was thrilled about the Constitution and having a strong national government Gentlemen, what say we discuss the benefits of the Constitution? Who invited Buzz Killington?

23. So the American people were divided into 2 groups: the Federalists and Anti-federalists Federalists- supported the Constitution and a strong national government Anti-Federalists- supported strong state government and feared a strong central government

24. FEDERALISTS WIN! Constitution is in effect! The Federalists convince the states to ratify the Constitution George Washington is elected first president under the new national government!

25. From here on out, America under the Constitution, becomes a model for future democratic governments In 1835, a French philosopher named Alexis de Tocqueville toured America He was impressed with how democratic and sovereign people were and how people earned a living through their own labor, not because they came from a rich blood line