1. Applications of protomic Presented By: Muhammad Rizwan Roll no: 117101 Department of Bioinformatics

2. The proteom Proteome indicates the total proteins expressed by a genome in a cell or tissue. Proteome, unlike the genome, is not a fixed feature of an organism. Proteomics is the study of protein expression and function on a genome scale.

3. Why Proteomics??? A cell is normally dependent upon multitude of metabolic and regulatory pathways for its survival. It is not necessary a correlation between transcript and protein expression level. Modifications of proteins can only be determined by proteomic methodologies.

4. What proteomics can answer Protein identification Protein Expression Studies Protein Function Protein Post-Translational Modification Protein Localization and Compartmentalization Protein-Protein Interactions Proteins are the most drug targets.

5. Applications of Proteomics Mining: identification of proteins (catalog the proteins) Protein-expression profile: identification of proteins in a particular state of the organism. Protein-network mapping: protein interactions in living systems Mapping of protein modifications: how and where proteins are modified.

6. Drug Target/marker identification This application of proteomics provides a protein profile of a cell or tissue that can be used to compare a healthy with a diseased state for protein differences in the search for drugs or drug targets. This is the most popularized of the applications for proteomics; it has the added unique advantage that bodily fluids can be used for profiling.

7. Protein identification by Peptide Mass fingerprint Use MS to measure the masses of proteolytic peptide fragments. Identification is done by matching the measured peptide masses to corresponding peptide masses from protein or nucleotide sequence databases

8. Differential Display Proteomics DIGE –Difference gel electrophoresis –MP –multiplexed proteomics –ICAT –isotope coded affinity tagging

9. Prediction of protein function For many proteins, an assignation of protein function on the basis of sequence comparisons is impossible. ‘ regulatory homology ’ : proteins for which the relative abundance changes in a similar manner when confronted with changing environmental conditions may be involved in a common process. This concept may be useful in the prediction of protein function.

10. Some important applications… Pharmaceutical development-functional genomics and proteomics have generated a plethora of new potential drug targets Has increased efficiency in lead optimization and preclinical phases of drug development Signature patterns of drug toxicity (on/off, dose response, temporal effects)

11. Continue… Resultant evaluation of drug toxicity and drug-drug interaction is further enhanced by both procedures e.g. drug toxicity of cyclosporine in mediating nephrotoxicity and liver toxicity of etomoxir-a potential anti-diabetic (2D-GE patterns revealed aberrant protein expression profiles in drug treatment Neurological disorders Heart disease Screening of microbial protein profiles conferring drug resistance

12. Questions…