1. Wave Energy Curt Anderson ChE 359/384 Fall 2008

2. Oceans of Energy Oceans cover 70% of earth’s surface + 30% of population lives within 60 miles of coast + 1970s oil crisis = Ocean Energy Conversion 3 Forms: 1.Tidal (High=2.7 TW-18% Low=360 GW-2.5%) 2.OTEC (Theoretical = 200 TW = 13x global demand) 3.Wave (Equivalent to tidal = 18%)

3. Why Waves? 1. Converted solar to wind over long distances 2. Anticipated days in advance=predictable 3. Round the clock energy 4. Higher capacities and power densities 5. Easier to estimate resource for investors 6. Environmentally benign 7. No land footprint 8. Low profile, far from shore 9. Minimizes ‘NIMBY’ issues 10. Potential to equal hydroelectric capacity

4. Conversion Devices Turbine Type OWC Overtopping

5. Conversion Devices Buoy Type Point Absorber Actuated

6. Current Projects LIMPET, Isle of Islay – Scotland Nov. 2000, 500 kW capacity Agucadoura, Portugal Sep. 2008, 2.25 MW, $17 mil. Phase 2: Spring 2009, 25 more converters, 21 MW total output, 15000 homes powered First commercial device connected to national grid http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wa ve.power.station www.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wa ve.power.stationwww.guardian.co.uk/environment/video/2008/sep/24/wa ve.power.station

7. Challenges High capital costs and uncertainty High capital costs and uncertainty High O&M costs High O&M costs Storm vulnerability = costly designs Storm vulnerability = costly designs Best tech. in UK producing at $0.08/kWh Best tech. in UK producing at $0.08/kWh Load variation and decreased efficiency Load variation and decreased efficiency Power Storage Power Storage

8. Potential Solutions Economically feasible in US waters with volumes of 10- 20,000 MW (half of wind turbines) Economically feasible in US waters with volumes of 10- 20,000 MW (half of wind turbines) 4-5 cents/kWh 4-5 cents/kWh Future carbon cap-and-trade system Future carbon cap-and-trade system Co-location with offshore wind Co-location with offshore wind Shared conditioning and transmission facilitiesShared conditioning and transmission facilities Shared O&M infrastructure and personnelShared O&M infrastructure and personnel Protective breakwatersProtective breakwaters The Seadog The Seadog

9. Conclusion Like my friend’s father told me, “There just might be something to this wave thing…” Questions??? Questions???

10. References 1 “Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 1998. 1 “Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Michigan, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, 1998. 2 Electric Power Research Institute. "Wave Energy Potential Warrants Further Research And Development, Says EPRI." ScienceDaily 16 February 2005.. 2 Electric Power Research Institute. "Wave Energy Potential Warrants Further Research And Development, Says EPRI." ScienceDaily 16 February 2005.. 3 Korde, Dr. Umesh. “Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects.” National Science Foundation, Report #98- 08, 09 April 1998. 3 Korde, Dr. Umesh. “Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects.” National Science Foundation, Report #98- 08, 09 April 1998.<http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/int9815/ssr9809.doc> 4 J. Vining. “Ocean Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Wisconsin Madison. December 2005. 4 J. Vining. “Ocean Wave Energy Conversion.” The University of Wisconsin Madison. December 2005. 5 Beyene, Dr. Asfaw and Wilson, Dr. James H. “Challenges and Issues of Wave Energy Conversion.” Oregon Wave Energy Trust, May 2008. 5 Beyene, Dr. Asfaw and Wilson, Dr. James H. “Challenges and Issues of Wave Energy Conversion.” Oregon Wave Energy Trust, May 2008. 6 Pelamis Press Release, “World’s First Commercial Wave Power Project Goes Live.” 6 Pelamis Press Release, “World’s First Commercial Wave Power Project Goes Live.” 23 September 2008. 23 September 2008. 7 Greenemeier, Larry. “Turning the Tide on Harnessing the Ocean's Abundant Energy.” 7 Greenemeier, Larry. “Turning the Tide on Harnessing the Ocean's Abundant Energy.” Scientific American 20 October 2008. 8 Martin, Glen. “Wave Power Plan Gets a Test in Trinidad California.” San Francisco Chronicle 04 August 2004. 8 Martin, Glen. “Wave Power Plan Gets a Test in Trinidad California.” San Francisco Chronicle 04 August 2004. 9 Ocean Energy Council, “Wave Energy.” 2008. 9 Ocean Energy Council, “Wave Energy.” 2008. 10 Lanto, Everett, “The Future of Wave Power.” About My Planet, 05 February 2008 10 Lanto, Everett, “The Future of Wave Power.” About My Planet, 05 February 2008 11 Maury, Laurel, “The Limpet, the Sea Snake, and the Duck.” Plenty Iss. 12. 11 Maury, Laurel, “The Limpet, the Sea Snake, and the Duck.” Plenty Iss. 12.<http://www.plentymag.com/magazine/tech_the_limpet_the_sea_snake.php> 12 Tester, J.W. et al. Sustainable Energy – Choosing Among the Options. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2005. 12 Tester, J.W. et al. Sustainable Energy – Choosing Among the Options. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2005. 13 Smil, Vaclav. Energy at the Crossroads – Golbal Perspectives and Uncertainties. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2003. 13 Smil, Vaclav. Energy at the Crossroads – Golbal Perspectives and Uncertainties. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 2003.