1. Biology and You
Chapter 1
Pages

2. Nature of Science Chapter 1 Sections 1.1- 1.4 Written Homework:
Do Check & Challenge on Page 4

3. What is Science?
Science tries to understand the natural world by explaining how and why things are as they are.

4. Scientific Method
Scientific Method - the organized approach used by scientists to solve problems and acquire information.

5. Steps of Scientific Method
Problem
Observations
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Conclusion

6. Problem
a question about natural world
defines specific area to study

7. Observation thorough search for information
examine others work in the area of interest
collect data from experiments
look for patterns

8. Hypothesis identify pattern form possible explanation for observations
educated guess to explain
able to predict new patterns
If ………then……

9. Experiment tests hypothesis at least two groups: Experimental Group
Control Group

10. Experimental Group
has the independent variable which will causes an observable difference (effect) in the dependent variable
If independent variable then dependent variable

11. Control Group identical to the experimental group except:
it does not contain the independent variable
is used for comparison to verify the affect of the variable

12. Conclusion if experiment verifies hypothesis report results
publish report so others can repeat experiment to verify work

13. Conclusion if experiment does not verify the hypothesis:
reformulate hypothesis or
redesign experiment

14. Theory explanation for many different observations
explanation supported by repeated experimental evidence

15. Law describes one observation is always true
does not explain how or why

16. Lamarckian and Darwinian Theories of Evolution

17. Slow change with time Evolution
Geological Evolution – slow change of Earth over time
Organic Evolution – change of life over time

18. Fossil organisms were different from living organisms
Theory of Evolution
Fossil organisms were different from living organisms
Organisms of past gave rise to current organisms

19. Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
French biologist
Proposed first hypothesis of how evolution worked
TWO (2) Laws:
Law of Use and Disuse
Law of the Inheritance of Acquired Traits

20. Law of Use and Disuse Change in environment forms barrier to survival
organism needs to change to survive
Use body part to over come barrier; part becomes bigger
Doesn’t use body part to over come barrier; part becomes smaller.

21. Law of Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Acquired Traits – the changes achieved during lifetime from use and disuse can be passed on to offspring

23. Validity? Use and Disuse seems true
Practice makes perfect
Inheritance of Acquired Traits not true
Weismann experiment with mice
Doberman dogs in textbook

24. Charles Lyell Geologist Forces today same as those in past
Time forces working cause changes on earth’s surfaces
Influences Charles Darwin

25. Charles Darwin HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands Diversity impressive
Gentleman farmer
Pigeon breeder

26. Theory of Natural Selection
Overproduction – more produced than survive
Competition – struggle for limited resource
Variations – individual differences
Adaptations – differences that favor success
Nature “chooses” variations that become adaptations – “natural selection”

27. Scientific Attitude

28. Scientific Perspective
Observation & Experiments
Repeatable & Verifiable
Refutable
Natural world can be investigated and explained

29. Pseudoscience
“false” science because research does not meet rigid criteria accepted by science
Creationism
Astrology
Miracle diets and cures