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Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings

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Presentation on theme: "Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings"— Presentation transcript:

1 Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings
Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings CBA conference – Cambridge – May Jean-Christophe HUTT Innovation & Technology for Energy Efficiency, Services Division

2 Energy Efficiency, a rising concern
Generation capacities and grids Huge investment ($16 trillion worldwide) is needed involving an increase in price of both gas and electricity Deregulation Deregulation of both production and supply of gas and electricity (while transmission and distribution remain regulated) implies to build new business models significantly different from traditional ones Demand is booming Because of the lack of electricity generation capacity, peak prices are becoming very high and volatile Energy Efficiency Policy and environment Kyoto protocol implementation involves new constraints to be integrated in today’s utility business models Natural resources (oil & gas) are declining In the consumption regions such as Europe and North America, energy sourcing is becoming crucial and focuses major attention of key energy players MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

3 Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (1/2) On the Supply Side
Optimize T&D infrastructure Deploy efficient substation automation Upgrade to smart metering solutions Optimize quality and availability of supplied power Measure and improve delivered power quality Implement DG in frequently congested areas Influence demand consumption Introduce new tariff structures and smart revenue metering Implement AMR Provide customers with accurate and relevant consumption data Establish DR/DSM programs Deploy modern IT infrastructure High speed telecoms infrastructure Modern Energy Information Systems MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

4 Energy Efficiency has implications along the complete Energy value chain (2/2) On the Demand Side
Act on Users Educate people on efficient use of energy Act on business related procedures Act on loads Replace, renovate aging loads (lighting, motors, HVAC, …) Implement intelligent load control (variable speed drives, regulation systems, lighting control, ...) Optimize quality and availability of on site power Measure and improve on site power quality Implement backup generation Exploit co-generation means Optimize supply costs Use the right tariffs according to specific load profile Participate in DR/DSM programs Resell excess power MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

5 Buildings are a major source of demand side energy efficiency
Buildings consume over 40% of total energy in the EU and US Between 12% and 18% by commercial buildings the rest residential. Implementing the EU Building Directive (22% reduction) could save 40Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) by 2020. Consumption profiles may vary but heating, cooling and lighting are the major energy users in buildings Water heating is a major element for healthcare, lodging, and schools. Lighting and Space Heating are the major elements for commercial and retail buildings. Healthcare Buildings 28% Water Heating 23% Space Heating 16% Lighting 6% Office Equipment 27% Other Retail Buildings 37% Lighting 30% Space Heating 10% Space Cooling 6% Water Heating 17% Other MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

6 Let’s dream : tomorrow’s energy efficient buildings would have …
A structure and walls of such insulation performance that only 50 kWh/m2/year would suffice to achieve ideal thermal comfort All of its equipment to the optimal energy performance level (lighting, HVAC, office devices, …) Intelligence everywhere that would seamlessly handle energy usage optimization whilst guaranteeing optimal comfort, a healthy environment and numerous other services (security, assistance to elderly people, …) Renewable and non polluting energy sources The ability to satisfy its own energy needs (thermal and/or electric) or even contribute excess power to the community (zero/positive energy buildings) Users whose behaviors would have evolved towards a reasoned usage of energy MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

7 Envelope & structure of buildings are very efficient : less than 50 kWh/m2/year are needed for an ideal thermal comfort New insulation materials: thinner and able to store energy nano porous silica phase change materials wall coating support balls of paraffin Effective treatment of thermal bridges (junctions between walls, metallic structures, aluminium frames) : this can yield up to 30% reduction of thermal losses Highly insulating and active glazing : Vacuum double glazing : energy loss = 0,5 W/m2/°C – wall equivalent Thermo chromium : variable heat flow between 20 to 60 % MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

8 Equipment (lighting, HVAC, consumer appliances) are more & more energy efficient
Lighting efficiency with LEDs : from 20 toward 150 lumen / W Heat pumps : from 20% to 25% of performance increase with speed driven compression motor Consumer appliances : Appliances complying with the energy performance labels are from 10 to 40% more efficient MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

9 Intelligence is everywhere in buildings : for usages optimization, for comfort, for health, for services Shutters, lighting, HVAC collaborate to reach global optimization : increase of more than 10 %global energy efficiency Sensors provide information of air quality (pollution, microbes, …) and smart ventilation insure health Weather prediction are integrated in control MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

10 Renewable, green energy sources are largely used
Photovoltaic cells are integrated to architecture. They provide 15% of 1000 W/m2 Global prices are less than 2€/W (target 2020) Yet 1000 MW installed in Japan Associated to seasonal storage (ex : summer storage in earth), thermal solar systems for heating, cooling & hot water cover a large part of thermal needs Multi-source systems combine different energy sources Co-generation (heat & electricity production) increase their efficiency MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

11 Buildings become an energy (thermal &/or electric) production unit for local needs. They can even contribute to global electricity production Buildings collaborate with energy actors Real time management of sources & loads in buildings Buildings aggregate their needs to optimize transaction with energy providers Buildings participate to services for quality & safety of electricity network Existing experiences : Passivhaus in Germany, Minergie in Switzerland, Zero Energy Buildings in USA Intelligent House Duisburg MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

12 The dream is already partly reality Since the 90’s numerous pilot sites have been built across the world 2001 Stop and Shop, Royal Ahold (Massachusetts - USA) High energy efficiency lights with automated lighting control Use of natural light (50 roof glass panels), Results : Annual energy savings : 25%, 50% less energy for lighting Increase of average customer purchase versus other stores, Blanquefort College (Aquitaine - France) Use of solar energy : 120 m2 of solar collectors and 140 m2 of solar panels, On-line monitoring of energy consumptions and air quality, Coverage of energy needs by renewable energy : 42% Annual energy consumption : 72 kWh/m2 Annual CO2 emission : 8 kg/m2 8 Brindabella Circuit, Canberra (Australia) Full control of HVAC, lighting, … per office zone with activity sensors Use of eco efficient lights and photovoltaic panels for hot water production Energy savings : 45% 45% less CO2 emissions Hot water energy needs 100% covered by on site solar energy 2006 2005 MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

13 Turning the dream into a commercially deployable solution Examples of available solutions - R&D fields related to Energy Efficiency Offering solutions to optimize energy use in existing buildings and guarantee efficiency over time 75 % of the life cycle costs of a building are in the operation and alterations of the facility over 25 years. Renovations in existing buildings can yield energy savings of up to 30%. Long term sustainable maintenance offering preventive maintenance can keep those savings in place Innovative solutions delivering energy efficiency in new constructions New concept of integrated power and control building infrastructure with distributed intelligence Innovative lighting solutions based on LED technology Advanced autonomous sensors and actuators Smart integration of local distributed generation means MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

14 Service provider (ASP) Energy management expert
Tomorrow's energy efficient buildings will require additional processing power at all levels of its infrastructure Service provider (ASP) Remote access Energy management expert Maintenance engineer Building automation Site engineer MV/LV transformer station Main LV switchboard Main LV Switchboard LV panel Ultra terminal devices MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

15 Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings
Energy Efficiency and Intelligent Buildings Thank you for your attention

16 New integrated power and control architecture
Integration of Power, Control and VDI at infrastructure and equipment level One same equipment, the Active Control Unit, for the different electrical functions of the building Sharing of sensors between applications for active control Open communication to ensure inter operability and delivery of new services MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

17 A new dimension : LED based lighting
Lighting represents 14% of the overall energy needs of a building. It is a major source of energy efficiency improvement. The performance of lighting is directly related to the technology of the light source but also greatly depends on the control strategy Frequent on / off operations according to sensor data, Intensity control in order to ensure constant luminosity The gain throughout the use cycle exceeds 20% The progressive introduction of LED lighting is a rupture In effectiveness In comfort of use Effective control of LED based lighting represents a double challenge Multi criteria control (based on intensity, color temperature, focus), shared control between user & automation Electric supply of these electronic loads MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

18 A new generation of « autonomous » sensors and actuators for active control
Further optimizing buildings’ energy efficiency requires extended means of measuring and controlling New types of sensors : environmental, presence, luminosity, … A large quantity of sensors (more than 10 per room) : implies use of radio technology to reduce cost of installation and provide ease of evolution Average sensor cost of installation = 80€ + rewiring if building evolves Sensors and actuators must be autonomous to limit operating costs installation without power connections No batteries to manage, change or recycle Current work focuses on a double innovation … Sensor embedded power generation (no wires, no battery) An environmental sensor … and a technological rupture by introduction of MEMS technology to produce smaller, less consuming and smarter devices to allow mixing of sensors and packaging MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

19 Smart integration of distributed generation means and connection to the grid
The challenge Grid insertion difficulty of local distributed generation means Low interaction level with electricity distribution companies Capacity to efficiently control the energy demand is limited and costly Proposed solution Competitive solution of universal grid connection of local generation means that allows for all modes of operation (backup, parallel, resell) Definition of a standardized definition model for the energy control of buildings Management of the demand by optimal control of loads and generation means Dynamic interface with distribution companies using either internet or power line carrier communications MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

20 Smart integration of distributed generation means and connection to the grid An application example in the residential field « Grid connection panel » Connects different types of generation sources Decides which source to utilize Ensures network synchronization Manages reselling of excess power Monitors energy status Interfaces with the smart load shedding panel Interfaces with external environment (energy provider, weather forecast, …) Connection to supply network Solar panels Genset Grid connection panel « Smart load shedding panel » Fits to traditional distribution panels Controls a limited number of feeders to balance available energy according to : . Priority levels . Energy distribution mode . Types of connected loads Monitors energy use Interfaces to the grid connection panel Provides the HMI for configuration MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

21 Example of a Schneider Electric solution in demand side Energy Efficiency (1/3)
Energy Solutions The TAC Energy Solutions’ offer of Schneider Electric, is based on : End-users assistance to provide the means to operate and maintain their installation efficiently A plan for energy savings backed-up by audits carried out by our experts Advice on improvements to existing installation in order to increase efficiency of the site’s utilities while preserving existing level of comfort 24/7 remote monitoring via internet Long term guaranteed performance contract handled by experienced professionals MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

22 Upon completion of performance contract
Example of a Schneider Electric solution in demand side Energy Efficiency (2/3) Energy Solutions Renovation and upgrading of existing installation Savings: Energy consumption Improvements in : Curative maintenance Predictive maintenance Increase of net financial result The principle: Curative maintenance Predictive Energy Before Curative maintenance Predictive Energy savings During performance contract Curative maintenance Predictive Energy Effective financial saving Upon completion of performance contract Key project figures - Number of sites: 180 - Guaranteed savings : % - Consumption reduction : 113 Gwh MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006

23 Example of a Schneider Electric solution in demand side Energy Efficiency (3/3)
Energy Solutions MIT / CBA Conference / May 10, 2006


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