2. Human Development

3. Stages of Development Pre-Embryonic Development FertilizationCleavage Embryonic Development GastrulationOrganogenesis Fetal Development

6. Fertilization

7. Ovum and Sperm

8. sperm head

9. Fertilization

10. metaphase of second meiotic division first polar body

11. Fertilization 1.Mitotic spindle with chromatids 2.1st polar body 3.Pellucid zone 4.Perivitelline space 5.Cell membrane of the sperm 6.Kinocilium 7.Nucleus (compact) of the sperm 8.Proximal centrosome of the sperm

12. Fertilization 1.1st polar body 2.Nucleus of the sperm 3.Proximal centrosome of the sperm 4.2nd polar body (being formed) 5.Remainder of the mitotic spindle

13. polar bodies Fertilization 1.Sperm pronucleus 2.Oocyte pronucleus 3.Centrosome brought in by the spermatozoon

14. 1.Sperm pronucleus 2.Oocyte pronucleus 3.Paternal centrosome 4."Inner bodies" 5.Maternal astral microtubule Approach of Pronuclei

16. 1.Nucleic membranes of the pronuclei dissolve 2.Microtubules of the mitotic spindle Formation of the Zygote

18. Cleavage

22. Implantation

23. Blastocyst floats for 2–3 days Implantation begins 6–7 days after ovulation –Trophoblast adheres to a site with the proper receptors and chemical signals –Inflammatory-like response occurs in the endometrium

24. Figure 28.5a (a) Uterine endometrial epithelium Inner cell mass Trophoblast Endometrium Blastocyst cavity Lumen of uterus

25. Implantation Trophoblasts proliferate and form two distinct layers 1.Cytotrophoblast (cellular trophoblast): inner layer of cells 2.Syncytiotrophoblast: cells in the outer layer lose their plasma membranes, invade and digest the endometrium

26. Figure 28.5c (c) Endometrial stroma with blood vessels and glands Syncytiotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast Inner cell mass (future embryo) Lumen of uterus

27. Implantation The implanted blastocyst is covered over by endometrial cells Implantation is completed by the twelfth day after ovulation

30. syncyticotrophoblast cytotrophoblast Amniotic cavity epiblast Yolk sac hypoblast

32. Gastrulation Primary Germ Layers EctodermEndodermMesoderm

34. Organogenesis Differentiation of primary germ layers into tissues and organs.

39. Embryonic Development

41. Fetal Development

43. Development of Reproductive Organs

44. The Placenta

47. 6 months ultrasound

48. Changes in Uterus

49. Stages of Childbirth or Labor Dilation Stage Expulsion Stage Placental Stage

50. Dilation Stage

51. Expulsion Stage

52. Placental Stage

53. Hormones Involved in Labor Estrogen Fetal Oxytocin Placental Prostaglandins Maternal Oxytocin Relaxin

54. Labor Hormones

55. Mammary Gland

56. Hormones Involved in Lactation Estrogen & Progesterone Prolactin Releasing Hormone Prolactin Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin Oxytocin

58. Birth Control Methods Abstinence Sterilization - Vasectomy - Tubal ligation Hormonal Methods -Oral contraceptives -Emergency contraception -Norplant -Dep-provera -Vaginal ring

59. Birth Control Methods Barrier Methods - Condom - Vaginal pouch - Diaphragm Spermicides Periodic Abstinence - Rhythm Method Abortion