1. CARING FOR INDIA

2. CODE : 06 CONSERVING ENERGY

3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SAVING ENERGY BY CHANGING HABITS AND LIFE STYLES
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
TRANSPORT SECTOR
POWER SECTOR
OTHER SECTORS
CONSERVING ENERGY AT HOME
CONSERVING ENERGY BY REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
HOME IMPROVEMENTS
CONSERVING ENERGY BY USING ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY
PROPOSED IDEAS
WHAT GOVERNMENT CAN DO?

4. INTRODUCTION
Energy is an important feature in modern life. It is required for carrying out many types of activities. As we use more and more energy to meet not only our basic needs but also our growing desire for material goods and convenience we are running out of resources and hence it is imperative that we should use our energy resource judiciously. We can conserve energy by changing our life styles, reducing our wants using energy resources efficiently and by tapping renewable sources of energy. Energy conservation involves avoiding wastage of energy and adopting methods to conserve energy without affecting productivity and comforts. We can do this in many ways:-
Using, producing, managing and distributing energy more efficiently.
Improving efficiency by technological up gradation and improved
Operation and maintenance.
Providing saving for energy saving equipments, practices and
Techniques.
Energy conservation can be achieved at all stages like generation, transmission, distribution and utilization. We must remember that energy saved is energy generated. Energy can be saved in basically two ways:-
We can save energy by changing our energy wasting habits and by
Changing our lifestyles.
We can save energy by using efficient technology which makes maximum use of energy and there is a negligible wastage.

5. SAVING ENERGY BY CHANGING HABITS AND LIFE STYLES
We can save a lot of energy by adopting the following steps:-
We should also reduce wasteful consumption. All commodities we use require energy at the stage of production, packaging and transport. For example, consider a shirt the production of fiber, yarn, fabric, etc. require energy. Energy is also required while transporting raw material as well as finished products. Hence, when we do not buy a shirt which we really do not need, we are saving energy. We can save energy in various sectors like:-

6. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Industry is the largest consumer of electricity in India. It can make the largest contribution to energy conservation by using energy saving equipments and adopting more efficient processes and practices. Products are being re-designed to use less material or substitute new materials which require less energy in their manufacture than traditional materials. A greater attention is being paid to a product’s life cycle.
Energy efficiency means not only efficiency in consumption of energy, but also efficiency in its generation and distribution. In thermal power plants and factories, cogeneration can be used as by this we can get two useful forms of energy from the same source.
In India, at present, nearly three fourth of energy input is lost as waste heat. This waste heat from coal-fired and other industrial boilers which is in the form of high temperature steam could be used to turn turbines to produce electricity.
An Industry is driven by profit motive. Manufacturers will make investments in energy efficiency only if it helps to increase their profit by reducing energy consumption. For many industries, the use of innovative technologies stops or reduces pollution and lowers the cost of complying with anti-pollution laws. It also reduces energy consumption.

7. TRANSPORT SECTOR
In India, the transport sector is the largest consumer of energy after industry. In cities, per cent of the people use either bus, rickshaw, or bicycle. While the bus system is inefficient and inadequate, the strength of India’s transport is the large and growing number of bicycles. Bicycle do not consume fuels, are non-polluting, takes up less road space and need inexpensive infrastructure than cars, scooters, etc. Therefore, bicycle as a mean of transport should be promoted.
Many people use bicycle because they cannot afford the bus fare. But road conditions are not good and cyclists are often the victims of most accidents. Investing in making road conditions better and safe for the cyclist will not only reduce energy consumption, air and noise pollution, but will also take care of the commuting needs of the poor. Safe tracks for bicycles might encourage even scooter or car owners to shift to bicycles for short trips.
There is also a need for developing energy efficient vehicles and their maintenance to ensure fuel efficiency and less pollution. If public transportation is improved, the people would depend less on private vehicles. This would reduce pollution and save energy.
Land-use planning and zoning can help to bring homes closer to workplaces. This would reduce the energy consumed in commuting.
For transporting materials, less energy intensive alternatives should be explored. For example, pipelines can be used to transport for not only oil and gas but also coal and certain minerals in the form of slurry.

8. POWER SECTOR
A concept that has assumed great importance in the power sector is DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM). In India, this faces acute shortage and also the increasing demand for the more power, it is far better for power companies to help their customers to reduce the demands.
Pricing policy of the energy sector in India is not rational. It costs much more to produce and supply the energy to consumers than what is paid for it. If consumer pays more realistic price, they would use commercial energy more carefully.
A more rational energy pricing policy, combined with incentives for efficient use and penalties on wasteful use would encourage energy consumption.

9. OTHER SECTORS
Energy for cooking constitutes a large proportion of India’s total energy consumption and the main source of energy for cooking for the people is firewood. Firewood is burnt in Chula. Efficient Chula can help in conserving energy. Improvements in the designs of Chula are meant to improve the heating which involves three stages:-
1.Efficient generation of heat through efficient burning of the wood.
2.Efficient transmission of heat to the cooking pot.
3.Retention of heat in the Chula, and minimization of loss of heat.
The principal behind the design improvements of Chula should be to regulate the inflow and outflow of air currents in such a way that the wood burn efficiently and there is maximum use of heat generated. The chimney eliminates the smoke and provides a healthy cooking environment.
India has more than 11 million electric irrigation pumps and each uses, on an average, 5632 kWh per year. Studies have shown that 35 per cent of the electricity used by the pumps could be saved by replacing the high friction components. This would be saving more than 2000 MW of power.
Nanotechnology can help in increasing efficiency of devices and energy utilization. Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter on a nanometer scale. It is helping to develop efficient thermoelectric elements, which directly produce power from heat. It helps produce micro-turbines and micro-engines. These engines have the size of a 50-paise coin and are capable of running on fuels like ethanol and methanol.

10. CONSERVING ENERGY AT HOME
We can do many things to conserve energy at our own house it self. We can replace the old light bulbs with energy saving fluorescent bulbs. In comparison to incandescent light bulbs, CFL’s have a longer rated life and use less electricity. CFL’s are typically guaranteed for 8000 hours whereas incandescent bulbs typically last up to hours depending on exposure to voltage spikes and mechanical shocks.
We should turn off lights and all electric devices that are not in use. Not only turn them off but try to remember to unplug them. We should air dry our dishes. When washing in a dish washer, the heat generated during the washing cycle is more than enough to dry your dishes. We should clean or replace air filters regularly. This can vary according to the filter we are using. It is also important that our air filter fits properly and air is moving through it and not around it.
We should close vents and doors in unused rooms. We should not cool or warm the areas that people are not in. We should weather strip the doors and windows. Weather stripping is an inexpensive alternative to replacing windows and will save our thousands of rupees. We should wash the clothes in cold water. Cold water does clean, and many laundry soaps manufacturers now offers soaps specifically made for washing clothes in cold water.
We should wash clothes in the morning or in evening when it’s cooler. Sounds silly to everyone but the heat generated by the dryer will warm the house and in the summer months our air conditioners will use more energy to cool our home.
The most important in these things is while shopping for new appliances we should invest in energy star. Energy star appliances are not by any means cheap, the upfront cost will pay for itself ten fold in the amount of energy we should be saving over the time.
When we choose our new car, we should be sure to check the miles per gallon to see how efficient our car will be, this not only helps the environment but it saves our money on fuel too. If we recycle more, we will be helping to conserve energy, put into making new versions of what we have recycled, and this also reduces the burden on landfill site and incinerators which are not good for the environment.

11. CONSERVING ENERGY BY REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
The amount of waste generated by us can be reduced by buying minimally packaged goods, choosing reusable products over disposable ones, and recycling. If your car has an air conditioner, make sure its coolant is recovered and recycled whenever you have it serviced. For every pound of waste you eliminate or recycle, you save energy and reduce emission of carbon dioxide by at least one pound. Cutting down your garbage by half of one large trash bag per week saves at least 1100 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Making products with recycled materials, instead of from scratch with raw materials uses per cent less for paper products, 33 per cent less for glass, and a whopping 90 per cent less for aluminiums.

12. HOME IMPROVEMENTS
When you plan a major home improvement, consider some of the energy saving investments. They save money in the long run, and their carbon dioxide savings can often be measured in tons per year. One can insulate walls and ceilings. This can save per cent of home heating bills and reduce our carbon dioxide emission by pounds per year. If a person lives in a colder climate, consider superinsulsating. That can save 5.5 tons of carbon dioxide per year for gas heated homes, 8.8tons per year for oil heat, or 23 tons per year for electric heat.
One can modernize his/her windows. Replacing all the ordinary windows with argon filled, double-glazed windows save 2.4 tons of carbon dioxide per year for homes with gas heat, 3.9 tons of oil heat, and 9.8 tons of electric heat.
One can plant “shade trees” and can paint the house a light color if he/she lives in a warm climate or a dark color if he/she lives in a cold climate. Reduction in energy use resulting from shade trees and appropriate painting can save up to 2.4 tons of carbon dioxide emission per year.

13. CONSERVING ENERGY BY USING ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY
As we all know, Energy conservation is the reduction of quantity of energy used. Energy conservation supports the eco-friendly lifestyles by providing energy which saves your money and at the same time saves the earth. When you decrease the amount of energy you use, you automatically make efforts to reduce increasing global warming. We can use many alternative source of energies or non –conventional source of energy to conserve energy.

14. # SOLAR ENERGY
Amongst all forms of energy, solar energy has the greatest potential. If only a small amount of energy could be utilized, it would be one of the most important supplies of energy. Solar energy falling on the earth in an hour is almost equal to the total energy used by the population of the world in a year. India receives about 6000 billion MW of solar energy per year. If only one per cent of this energy could be more than times India’s present population.
Solar energy can be used by different devices for different purposes like:-

15. 1.)SOLAR HEATING DEVICES
There are many types of solar heating devices like solar cooker, which is used for cooking food, heating the food, using solar energy from the sun. Solar furnace is another such device which is used to melt most of the materials at sufficiently high temperature. Solar water heater is also a solar heating device. It is used in big hotels for hot water supply. It is used in hospitals for hot water supply. Solar cooker is one of the simplest solar thermal devices used for the purpose of cooking. A typical solar cooker consists of a large box with glass windows to let the sunlight in. The sunlight is directed through the windows with the help of reflectors or mirrors. The inside walls of the sides are painted black for efficient absorption of light. The box is insulated on the outside so that the heat cannot escape. The heated inside of the box emits infra red radiations to which the glass window is opaque. In this way a significant amount of the energy entering the oven is retained. The cooking pot is placed inside the box and cooking is made possible.
One of the most successful applications of solar energy have been in the field of water heating. Sunlight is allowed to fall on flat plate collector which are shallow rectangular trays filled with water and properly inclined so that the efficiency of collection is highest. The surface exposed to the sun is painted black for efficient absorption of energy. However, since the heated collector will also be losing heat by radiation, it is the usual practice to store the heated water inside a separate tank whose surface is insulated and which thus retains most of the heat. Generally the water is allowed to circulate so that energy of water entering the collector is heated first and the hot water moves inside the storage tank with cold water taking its place.
2.) SOLAR CELLS
The potential difference produced by a single Solar cell of 4 cm^2 is between volts. Solar cells are mainly responsible for providing electrical energy to the satellites and space probes. In India, Solar cells are used for providing electricity for street lights and operating community centre, TV. And radios.

16. WIND ENERGY
The energy possessed by the wind is because of its high speed. Wind energy is fast emerging as one of the most cost effective source of power because it combines the abundance of a natural source with modern technology. Wind is used to run windmill, which in turn drives a generator to produce power. Wind can also be used to provide mechanical power, such as for pumping water. The electricity produced by a single windmill is quite small and cannot be used for commercial purposes. The energy output from all the windmills is coupled together to get electricity on large scale.

17. HYDEL ENERGY
Hydel energy is produced from the energy that is released when water falls from a high level with great force. Hence, dams are constructed to store water which is released from the top of the dam for generating hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric scheme s has developed in mysore, Maharashtra, Kashmir, Chennai, up. and Punjab. Hydel energy can be used as power for industry. It can also be used for the irrigation purpose.

18. PROPOSED IDEAS
Using natural energy resources doesn't necessarily mean you will conserve any energy Many little things can be done in an attempt to conserve energy in the home. It is knowing how to do these little energy conservation processes that many people do not know about, understand, or just don't care. Another way relating to how we can conserve energy is to ensure whenever we have finished using appliances that may have a light on them (such as a standby light), we switch the appliance off, or unplug after use. Little things can make a big difference in conserving energy around the home, and this is especially true for dishwashers, washing machines and dryers. Modern dishwashers have energy saving wash cycles, we strongly advise the use of such features, washing machines can be set to lower temperature washes, when used with the right washing powder, and a dryer, well if you own a dryer, get rid of it and dry your washing naturally on a washing line. Hybrid cars can make a difference to your carbon footprint, and can help you save energy. No, they will not eliminate carbon emissions from their exhausts, yet they will greatly reduce the amount of carbon you pump into the air each year. The only reason you should need a 4x4 vehicle is if you live in a rough terrain area, or constantly snowy area. When you choose your next car, be sure to check the miles per gallon to see how efficient your car will be, this not only helps the environment but it saves you money on fuel too. When conserving energy, we can also look to our heating methods, why not reduce your heating thermostat or radiators by only 1 degree for a lengthy time, and compare your heating bill? If you recycle more, you will be helping to conserve energy put into making new versions of what you have recycled, and this also reduces the burden on landfill sites and incinerators which are not good for the environment.

19. 1.) Save energy to save money.
Set your thermostat a few degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating and cooling costs.
Install compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs) when your older incandescent bulbs burn out.
Unplug appliances when you're not using them.
Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. As much as 85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes goes to heating the water.
Use a drying rack or clothesline to save the energy otherwise used during machine drying.
2.) Save water to save money.
Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower your water and heating bills too.
Install a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much, and the water and energy savings can quickly pay back your investment.
Make sure you have a faucet aerator on each faucet. These inexpensive appliances conserve heat and water, while keeping water pressure high.
Plant drought-tolerant native plants in your garden. Many plants need minimal watering. Find out which occur naturally in your area.
3.)  Keep electronics out of the trash.
Keep your cell phones, computers, and other electronics as long as possible.
Donate or recycle them responsibly when the time comes. E-waste contains mercury and other toxics and is a growing environmental problem.
Recycle your cell phone.
Ask your local government to set up an electronics recycling and hazardous waste collection event.
4.) Borrow instead of buying.
Borrow from libraries instead of buying personal books and movies. This saves money, not to mention the ink and paper that goes into printing new books.
Share power tools and other appliances. Get to know your neighbors while cutting down on the number of things cluttering your closet or garage.
  5.) Buy smart.
Buy in bulk. Purchasing food from bulk bins can save money and packaging.
Wear clothes that don't need to be dry-cleaned. This saves money and cuts down on toxic chemical use.
Invest in high-quality, long lasting products. You might pay more now, but you'll be happy when you don't have to replace items as frequently (and this means less waste!).

20. WHAT GOVERNMENT CAN DO?
Increase the price of gasoline and electricity is the only thing government can do to conserve energy resources. It is well known that government plays a significant role in energy conservation. I reckon that there are three alternative means can be used by government in addition to increasing prices of electricity and gasoline. Thus, increasing the price of gasoline and electricity is not the only thing government can do to conserve energy resources. To start with, government can invest money to explore new energy resource like solar energy, nuclear power and wind energy. Electricity-producing solar technology is a very good choice for government's investment because the costs of it are more competitive with conventional electrical generating technology. Besides, solar energy can be used for space and water heating, and the costs are also low. Like solar energy, nuclear power is also not expensive. It costs the same as coal, and it produces large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel. Different from the above two, a utility wind energy project requires large capital investment. However, because the wind turbines require no fuel, operating costs of wind farms are generally low. Furthermore, government can raise public consciousness of energy conservation. There are at lease, in my opinion, two measures can be taken by government.

21. One is to enhance media coverage
One is to enhance media coverage. Make recurring media coverage of government's energy conservation campaign to introduce energy saving methods and best practices. Moreover, publicize adverse effects of energy wasting to motivate people to participate in energy conservation. Another method is to establish related web-sites. Make information, regarding the outcome of international related conferences, the adverse effects and consequences of energy wasting, and what public can do for energy conservation, available at these web-sites. Ultimately, government can form partnerships with industries and nongovernmental organizations to enhance the effectiveness of measures for energy conservation. In my opinion, government can do it from the following three angles. First is to use tax rebates as a means to attract companies in energy conserving products like energy-efficient car, electricity saving lamp and energy conservation refrigerator. Second is to provide free technical and practical guidance for companies. Take the house building industry. This guidance will be helpful to upgrade new houses to improve the energy performing. Third is to work with organizations that are opening up energy saving show homes to visitors. In summary, Increase the price of gasoline and electricity is not the only thing government can do to conserve energy resources. Government can also invest in new energy resources, enhance public awareness, and work with industries and organizations.