8. Mammalian Liver tissue: X

16. (note: no ATP required!)

17. Glycogenin: catalyzes glucose transfer from UDP-glucose (red) to tyr 194 (blue); Mn 2+ (green) required to stabilize UDP leaving group

19. Rabbit muscle Phosphorylase Kinase γ (catalytic) subunit active fragment complexed with ATP and a heptapeptide (RQMSFRL).

20. Phosphorylase kinase δ subunit (calmodulin)

21. As with glycogen phosphorylase: (a) phosphorylase kinase found in two isoforms in both muscle/liver tissues either active or inactive for glycogen breakdown (b) these isoforms differed by phosphorylation

23. Catalytic (C) subunit of mouse protein kinase A (PKA) complexed with ATP and a peptide inhibitor (Ser→Ala)

24. Regulatory (R) subunit of bovine protein kinase A (PKA) complexed with 2 cyclic-AMP molecules (activate C*R dissociation)

36. PEP