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Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20111 Tutorial: TCP 101 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the protocol that sends.

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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20111 Tutorial: TCP 101 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the protocol that sends."— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20111 Tutorial: TCP 101 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the protocol that sends your data reliably Used for email, Web, ftp, telnet, p2p,… Makes sure that data is received correctly: right data, right order, exactly once Detects and recovers from any problems that occur at the IP network layer Mechanisms for reliable data transfer: sequence numbers, acknowledgements, timers, retransmissions, flow control...

2 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20112 TCP 101 (Cont’d) TCP is a connection-oriented protocol SYN SYN/ACK ACK GET URL YOUR DATA HERE FIN FIN/ACK ACK Web ClientWeb Server

3 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20113 TCP 101 (Cont’d) TCP slow-start and congestion avoidance ACK

4 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20114 TCP 101 (Cont’d) TCP slow-start and congestion avoidance ACK

5 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20115 TCP 101 (Cont’d) TCP slow-start and congestion avoidance ACK

6 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20116 TCP 101 (Cont’d) This (exponential growth) “slow start” process continues until either: –packet loss: after a brief recovery phase, you enter a (linear growth) “congestion avoidance” phase based on slow-start threshold found –limit reached: slow-start threshold, or maximum advertised receive window size –all done: terminate connection and go home

7 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20117 Tutorial: TCP 201 There is a beautiful way to plot and visualize the dynamics of TCP behaviour Called a “TCP Sequence Number Plot” Plot packet events (data and acks) as points in 2-D space, with time on the horizontal axis, and sequence number on the vertical axis Example: 20 KB Web page (14 packets)…

8 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20118 Time SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + +

9 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 20119 So What? What can it tell you? Everything!!!

10 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201110 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + RTT

11 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201111 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + TCP Seg. Size

12 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201112 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + TCP Connection Duration

13 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201113 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + Num Bytes Sent

14 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201114 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + Avg Throughput (Bytes/Sec) Bytes Sec

15 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201115 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + Access Network Bandwidth (Bytes/Sec)

16 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201116 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sender’s Flow Control Window Size

17 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201117 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + + TCP Slow Start

18 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201118 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + Delayed ACK

19 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201119 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + ++ + + Packet Loss Duplicate ACK

20 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201120 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + X + Retransmit Cumulative ACK +

21 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201121 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + X + RTO +

22 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201122 TCP 201 (Cont’d) What happens when a packet loss occurs? Quiz Time... –Consider a 14-packet Web document –For simplicity, consider only a single packet loss

23 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201123 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + +

24 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201124 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + ?

25 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201125 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + X +

26 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201126 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + +

27 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201127 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + ?

28 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201128 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + ++ + + +

29 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201129 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + +

30 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201130 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + ?

31 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201131 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + ++++ + X +

32 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201132 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X X X X X X X X X X X + + + + + + + + + + + + +

33 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201133 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X + ?

34 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201134 SeqNum X + Key: X Data Packet + Ack Packet X X X + + + X X X + + + X + X + X +

35 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201135 TCP 201 (Cont’d) Main observation: –“Not all packet losses are created equal” - CLW 2002 Losses early in the transfer have a huge adverse impact on the transfer latency Losses near the end of the transfer always cost at least a retransmit timeout Losses in the middle may or may not hurt, depending on congestion window size at the time of the loss

36 Copyright © 2005 Department of Computer Science CPSC 641 Winter 201136 Congratulations! You are now a TCP expert!

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