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Computers Are Your Future © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 2© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Computers & You
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 3© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. What You Will Learn... Define the word computer and name the four basic operations Describe the main components of a computer Hardware Software Provide examples of hardware devices Explore the information-processing cycle
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 4© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. What You Will Learn... Major categories of computers and various types of computers Two general types of software Risks of using hardware and software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 5© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers & You Workers with computer and Internet skills tend to make more money and have more satisfying careers than workers without such skills.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 6© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions Computer – A machine that performs the four basic operations of the information-processing cycle: input processing output storage
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 7© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions Computer system – A collection of related components that are designed to work together A system includes hardware and software. Hardware Software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 8© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions Program – A list of instructions that tell the computer how to perform the four basic operations to accomplish a task Computers use algorithms to solve a problem. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 9© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Hardware Hardware is the computer’s physical components. The components include: Input devices– Enable users to enter data into the computer for processing. Processing circuitry– Components located in the system’s case that transform data into information. Output devices– Peripherals that show the results of processing. Storage devices– Used to store all the programs and data that the computer uses. Communication Devices– Used to move data between computers.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 10© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Input: Getting Data into the Computer Data – Unorganized raw materials made up of words, numbers, images, or sounds The first operation: input Input devices enable the user to enter data into the computer.Input devices The computer accepts data.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 11© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Keyboard Mouse – pointing device Microphone – speech - recognition Digital Cameras Input Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 12© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Processing: Transforming Data into Information The second operation: processing Computers transform data into information. Processing circuitry: Processing circuitry Central processing unit (CPU) Random access memory (RAM) DATA ININFORMATION OUT
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 13© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Motherboard Central Processing Unit – CPU Random Access Memory– RAM Expansion Card Processing Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 14© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Output: Displaying Information The third operation: output The computer shows the results of the processing operation in a way people can understand. Output devices show the results of processing operations. Output devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 15© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Monitor Printer Speakers Output Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 16© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Storage: Holding Programs and Data for Future Use The fourth operation: storage The computer saves the data or output so that it can be used again later. Storage devices hold all programs and data that the computer uses. Storage devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 17© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Hard Drive Floppy Disk Drive Zip Drive CD/DVD Drive Jaz Drive Tape Drive Micro Drive Storage Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 18© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Communications: Moving Data between Computers A fifth operation: communications Moving data within the computer or between computers Communications devices – Enable computers to connect to a computer network Communications devices Network – Two or more computer systems that are connected Modem – A device that enables the computer to access other computers
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 19© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Modem Network Interface Card – NIC Communications Devices
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 20© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. The Information Processing Cycle In Action Input – You enter text in a word processing program. You run the program’s spell checker program. Processing – The computer checks and compares all words entered with a list of correctly spelled words. Output – The computer provides a list of apparent misspellings. You correct the spelling in your document. Storage – You save the revised document to a disk. Compoters A computer is a machine that perfirms four basic operations: input, processing, output, and storage. Together, these four operations are called the information proceesing cycle.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 21© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Desktop – PC, iMac Notebook – Laptop Workstation Personal Digital Assistant Types of Computers Computers for Individuals Internet Appliance All-in-One
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 22© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Types of Computers Computers for Organizations Servers are not designed for individuals. They make programs available for network users. Minicomputers (mostly obsolete term) handle the computing for small corporations. Mainframes handle gigantic processing jobs for large corporations or agencies. Supercomputers are ultra-fast and handle huge amounts of scientific data.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 23© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Understanding the Computer: Basic Definitions Software – All the programs that give the computer its instructions Two categories of software: System software Application software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 24© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Introducing Software Software consists of the programs that give the computer’s hardware its step-by-step instructions. Software is created by programmers using a programming language. Programs contain units called files. Transferring a program into the computer’s memory is called loading. Once loaded into memory the program’s instructions are carried out or executed.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 25© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. System software– All programs that help the computer function properly. Application software– All the programs you use to perform a task such as writing a letter or browsing the World Wide Web. System softwareApplication software Types of Software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 26© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. System software is divided into two categories: The operating system: Provides support for running application software. Coordinates the various functions of the computer’s hardware. System utilities: Are programs for optimizing computer performance. System Software
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 27© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Types of Operating Systems Command-line interface– Users type instructions at the keyboard, one line at a time. Examples: MS-DOS, PC DOS, UNIX Graphical user interface (GUI)– Users choose items from menus by using a pointing device to click on icons which represent resources and commands. Examples: Windows, Mac OS
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 28© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Command-Line Interface
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 29© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 30© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Application Software Application software includes all programs that enable us to use the computer in a useful way. Custom software is developed for specific needs. Packaged software is produced for the mass market.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 31© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Software Suite A collection of full-featured standalone programs that usually share a common command structure and have similar interfaces. MS WORD MS EXCELMS POWERPOINT MS ACCESSMS FRONT PAGE
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 32© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. The Internet A world-spanning computer network.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 33© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Electronic mail– (e-mail) World Wide Web– (WWW) File Transfer Protocol– (FTP) Instant messaging Electronic commerce– (e-commerce) Internet Services Standards and software that make Internet resources, such as Web pages, files, and electronic mail available to users.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 34© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Maintain a Safe Working Environment Do not overload electrical outlets. Do not position hardware where it can fall. Leave space for proper ventilation. Check that cords are fastened securely.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 35© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Ergonomics Help to prevent injuries from computer use: Special keyboards can prevent carpal tunnel syndrome. Chairs can help improve your posture. Anti-glare screens can be used on computer monitors.
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Computers Are Your Future Chapter 1 Slide 36© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Recognize the Risks of Using Flawed Software All programs contain errors. All computer use entails a certain level of risk. Bug – An error or defect in software or hardware that causes a program to malfunction
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