1. Non-linear large deformation manufactured solutions Edges of GIMP particles remain aligned – domain is covered exactly Representative C-SAFE problem Stair-stepped surface and non- exact domain cover Colored by von Mises stressNormal stress Hoop stress

2. Integration Options Temporal Integration: USL – Update Stress Last USF – Update stress First CD – Centered-Difference Shape functions: MPM – Piecewise Linear UGIMP – Constant Particle Size GIMP – Variable Particle Size

3. Unit Square: Temporal Convergence Best combination is CD-GIMP Most methods display zero temporal convergence until stability is lost; this indicates that spatial error dominates the results.

4. Unit Square: Spatial Convergence CD-GIMP is 2 nd order when domain is exactly covered

5. Ring: Spatial Convergence CD-GIMP is 1 st order when domain cover is not exact