1. Characteristics of Living Things 004a

2. The Characteristics of Living Things Great Complexity & Organization Composed of Cells Reproduction & Development Mechanism for Inheritance Metabolism & Homeostasis Interaction with the Environment Evolution (Adaptation) Great Complexity & Organization Composed of Cells Reproduction & Development Mechanism for Inheritance Metabolism & Homeostasis Interaction with the Environment Evolution (Adaptation)

3. –Living things are made of the same materials as everything else in the universe are assembled into molecules Living things are more organized, more complex –Living things require energy to carry out life processes Great Complexity and Organization

4. Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biosphere

5. Atoms proton neutron electron hydrogen atom helium atom carbon atom 1p, 0n, 1e-2p, 2n, 2e- 6p, 6n, 6e-

6. Some Elements

7. Water (H 2 O) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Molecular Oxygen (O 2 ) Ammonium (NH 3 ) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Water (H 2 O) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Molecular Oxygen (O 2 ) Ammonium (NH 3 ) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Simple Inorganic Molecules

8. Categories: Lipids ProteinsNucleic Acids Carbohydrates Biological Compounds

9. Simple Sugars (e.g., glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Amino Acids (e.g., glycine: C 2 H 5 O 2 N) Nucleotide Bases (e.g., adenine: C 5 H 5 N 4 ) Simple Sugars (e.g., glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Amino Acids (e.g., glycine: C 2 H 5 O 2 N) Nucleotide Bases (e.g., adenine: C 5 H 5 N 4 ) Organic Building Block Molecules

10. Cell Organelles

11. Cell

12. Tissues

13. Organs

14. Organ Systems

15. Organisms

16. Populations

17. Communities

18. Ecosystems

19. The Biosphere

20. carbon atom organ system DNA molecule organellecell tissue organ organismpopulation community ecosystem biosphere

21. Prokaryotic Cell

22. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

23. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

24. Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archaebacteria E. coliCyanobacteria ParameciumDiatomSlime mold

25. Asexual Reproduction Coral polyp budding

26. Sexual Reproduction

27. Both Sexual & Asexual

28. Development

29. DNA Contains information for almost all cell activities

30. The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc. Anabolism- build up of complex molecules Catabolism- break down of complex molecules Metabolism

31. Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + energy

32. Photosynthesis 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + light  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

33. Autotrophs –Organisms that get their energy by making their own food (like plants) –Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches Heterotrophs –Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs –Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs

35. Homeostasis 1.Maintenance of constant internal conditions in varying environments 2.Adaptation of organisms to specific environments

36. Homeostasis Three big problems 1.Obtaining energy and nutrients 2.Maintaining temperature 3.Obtaining and holding onto water

37. Body Temperature Regulation

38. Temperature Control Ectotherms (Poikilotherms)Ectotherms (Poikilotherms) –Generate body heat metabolically, but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature –Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment

39. Most ectotherms regulate their body temperature by –basking –moving between shade/sun –being active at certain times of day Ectotherms

40. Temperature Control Endotherms (homeothermic)Endotherms (homeothermic) –Generate body heat metabolically and body temperature does not match the temperature of the surrounding environment –These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature

41. –Living things interact with each other and with the environment –Ecology – the study of these interactions Hawaiian Monk seals eat fish Humans eat fish What if something happened to the fish? Interaction with the environment

42. Interaction with the Environment

43. Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a population through time

44. –Inherited change in the characteristics of organisms over time –Living things are slowly changing –Process of natural selection results in change over time –Organisms with favorable genes are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those favorable genes Evolution

45. Mechanisms Contributing to Evolutionary Change Production of heritable variations Natural Selection Chance Production of heritable variations Natural Selection Chance

46. –Transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring –Instructions from parent to offspring are passed on in the form of genes Heredity

47. Heritable variations Blood type Dwarfism Albinism

48. Adaptations The structural, functional, and behavioral features that contribute to the success of a species.

49. Natural Selection Peppered Moths: study in England 1800’s More light than dark moths Industrial pollution turned trees dark Population shifted to mostly dark moths

50. Natural Selection

51. Inquiry 1. Define: Homeostasis, photoautotroph, chemoautotroph, heterotroph 2. What is a group of different organisms living in the same geographic are called? 3. What 3 features do plant cells have that animal cells don’t? 4. Which 4 elements make up living things? 5. What is the equation for photosynthesis?