1. 海洋學導論 Course Overview 陳宏遠 海洋生物研究所 A2028/5105/hychen@mail.nsysu.edu.tw

2. Introductory Oceanography Physical Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Biological Oceanography Marine Geology

3. Oceanography Oceanography: the scientific study of the ocean 100 yr old To predict weather & climate; to protect fisheries & other resources; to avoid disasters

4. Origins of Oceanography Seafaring; Seafarer Chinese Ocean Exploration –To demonstrate power & wealth –The largest ocean expedition –Made no last contribution to our knowledge of the ocean –Because little new information was compiles

5. Origins of Oceanography Columbus 19th century: deep ocean is stagnant; no oxygen; no life (azoic) HMS Challenger: 1872-76; Challenger Expedition Commission; 50 Vol.>> marks the beginnings as a science

6. Oceanography in Taiwan Unesco 1970 Kuroshio Current Expedition Taida established Institute of Oceanography R/V 九連 1985 & after R/V Ocean Researcher I Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes, KEEP R/V Ocean Researcher II, III NTU, NSYSU, NTOU, NCU, TFRI

7. The Law of the Sea 1974 UNCLOS 1982 adopted; in effect 1994 Extend ocean margins to 12 nautical miles (22 km) Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ to 200 nautical miles: regulate fisheries & resources 1/3 of the ocean in EZZ

8. Important Journals: Science ; Nature Limnology and Oceanography Paleoceanography Journal Geophysical Research Deep-Sea research Marine Chemistry Marine Geology

9. Important Journals: Fisheries Oceanography Marine Ecology Progress Series Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences

10. Recent interests Discovery of hydrothermal vent The link between global warming & ocean: the Carbon story Microbial loop Industrialized mariculture: Peter Drucker

11. The Carbon Story Global warming: carbon dioxide Ocean: an ideal carbon sink Some oceans are iron limiting: Southern Ocean Hypothesis: Fertilization with Fe increases carbon sink

12. fertilizing the oceans with iron

13. Sea change: a satellite image of a 200-km algal bloom (orange) caused by iron fertilization

14. Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiment (SOFeX) Iron sulfate Solution on the sea surface 200 km phytoplankton bloom Carbon can be transported below 100 metres by iron fertilization Fe : C = 1 : 1000 Lab experiment predicted 1 : 100,000