1. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks Chapter 2

2. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

3. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell The System Stack

4. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Pushing D on the stack

5. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

6. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutines chap2a.asm

7. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell chap2a.lst

8. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Using the D-Bug12 asm command

9. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell

10. Saving and restoring registers in a subroutine ;subroutine example subname pshb; save B pshx; save X ---- ;instructions that ----;change B and X ---- pulx; restore X pulb; restore B rts

11. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

12. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Using X as a stack pointer for a data stack LDY 2,X+ will pop $1234 into Y

13. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine to add two numbers on the data stack

14. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine to subtract two numbers on the data stack

15. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Program to call the subroutine plus

16. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

17. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Making Subroutines Interactive C++ program running on PC –contains a dictionary of subroutine names like + (plus) and - (minus) with their addresses –If you type + the address of plus is sent to the 68HC12 and the subroutine plus is executed This is the way that WHYP works Typing a number causes it to be pushed on the 68HC12 data stack

18. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Sample of Using WHYP

19. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

20. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell

22. DUP

23. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell SWAP

24. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell DROP

25. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell OVER

26. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell FLIP

27. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Testing stack words using.S

28. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell WHYP words SP@ and SP!

29. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Subroutine and Stacks The System Stack Subroutines A Data Stack Making Subroutines Interactive Stack Manipulation Words The Return Stack

30. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell The Return Stack

31. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell

33. WHYP words RP@ and RP!

34. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell Testing return stack words using.R

35. Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12(11) Microcontrollers - R. E. Haskell