1. Chem 125 Lecture 1 10/25/02 Projected material This material is for the exclusive use of Chem 125 students at Yale and may not be copied or distributed further. It is not readily understood without reference to notes from the lecture.

2. Werad Radix Latin Licorice (glukos + rhiza) Greek Rutabega Swedish Wort Old English Mathematics (16th Cent) Race? Razza Italian Eradicate Wurzel German Chemistry (18th Cent - France) Politics (18th Cent - England) Radish Radical: Going to the root or origin = Root

3. 1787: Radical Introduced as a Political Term "The necessity of a substantial and radical reform in the representation..." J. Jebb

4. September 17, 1787

5. by Louis Bernard Guyton de M ORVEAU (1737-1816) "Radical" Introduced as a Chemical Term 1787 age 50

6. Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique 1787 Antoine François de F OURCROY (1755-1809) age 32 Claude Louis B ERTHOLLET (1748-1822) age 39

7. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) age 45 7,000 pounds (~$300,000)

8. Clarity: FactsIdeas Words “impressions of the same seal”

9. Facts: Analysis

10. Analysis

11. Traité É lémentaire de Chimie (1789) ? WORD FACT THEORY Oxy-gen + Base or Radical Acid

12. Lavoisier's Compound Radicals

13. Elemental Analysis by Oil Combustion Air Supply Lamp Oil Supply H 2 O Collector CO 2 Collector

14. Silliman Crystal