1. Comment tags (contd.) A comment tag is of the form A comment can appear anywhere in a html specification They are frequently used to tell people who wrote the specification, when, why, etc.

2. Politics in Ireland Presidents The presidents of Ireland were Douglas Hyde Eamon de Valera

3. Using tags

4. tags tags are used to incorporate pictures into web documents A picture cannot be inserted directly into the html spec of a web document, since a html spec is a textual spec tags are used to point to pictures that we want to appear in a web document

5. tags (contd.) The tag is a structured tag -- it has attributes The src attribute is used to point to the picture to be included

6. A simple web document containing a picture

7. Use lower-case tags and attributes –The picture on this slide is very old –It shows upper-case tags and attributes, which were allowed back then –Upper-case tags and attributes are not allowed any more –Do not use upper-case tags or attributes

9. Of course, we can have text with the pictures

10. Use lower-case tags and attributes –The picture on this slide is very old –It shows upper-case tags and attributes, which were allowed back then –Upper-case tags and attributes are not allowed any more –Do not use upper-case tags or attributes

12. A document

14. Use lower-case tags and attributes –The picture on this slide is very old –It shows upper-case tags and attributes, which were allowed back then –Upper-case tags and attributes are not allowed any more –Do not use upper-case tags or attributes

16. Never use HTML presentational attributes

17. The ALIGN attribute In early versions of html, img tags used to have an ALIGN attribute for specifying how to align pictures relative to neighbouring text This was, therefore, a rendering attribute DO NOT USE this attribute –NEVER use rendering attributes We will see how to achieve rendering effects more cleanly when we meet Style Sheets

18. Colour of the background It would be preferable if you could ignore such rendering features as the colour of the background Unfortunately, when you start using pictures, you cannot, since pictures have colour and you have to consider how clearly an image will show up against the background

19. Background colour (contd.) For example, consider how the last document we specified would appear in both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Explorer

22. Background colour (contd.) In Netscape, the images show up clearly against the default background colour, which is white In Explorer, the largely-grey images do not contrast so well with the grey-ish background

23. Background colour (contd.) We can specify the background colour we want Early versions of html provided a BGCOLOR attribute in the tag However this is a rendering attribute and SHOULD NOT BE USED We will see how to do it more cleanly when we meet style sheets

24. Background PATTERNS We can also ask the browser to use a repeated version of some image as a background This should be done with care, because –it can lead to unreadable documents –it adds to the length of time it takes to download a document over the Internet

25. Background PATTERNS Early versions of html provided an attribute in the tag for this purpose Again, as with all rendering attributes, DO NOT USE IT We will see how to do achieve the same effect more cleanly when we meet style sheets

26. Another kind of list: Definition lists

27. Definition lists: Frequently, we want to have lists of items like this: CPU Central Processor Unit VDU Visual Display Unit IRQ Interrupt ReQuest

28. In other words, we want to have a list in which each member has two parts: –a TERM, whose meaning is to be defined –a DEFINITION of the term

29. html provides a tag for this kind of concept: the Definition List tag or tag A list of definitions is delimited by a tag and a tag ….

30. Each item between the and tags has two parts, a term and its definition A term is delimited by and tags, while a definition is delimited by and tags: CPU Central Processing Unit VDU Visual Display Unit IRQ Interrupt ReQuest

31. Example document: Definition List Some Computing Acronyms CPU Central Processing Unit VDU Visual Display Unit IRQ Interrupt ReQuest

33. Another example document: Languages of the World Languages of the World Tok Pisin A Melanesian Creole spoken in the South-western Pacific Hakka One of the languages spoken in Fujien province in China Mon A language spoken in Cambodia Xhosa One of the major languages of South Africa