1. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 9 Descriptive Research

2. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Types of Descriptive Research Survey Developmental Case study Correlational Normative Observational Action Causal-comparative

3. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Survey Methods Phone Interview Personal Interview Administered Questionnaire Distributed Qustionnaire

4. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Phone Interview Advantages: Disadvantages:

5. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Personal Interview Advantages: Disadvantages: Types of interviews –Structured interview –Semistructured interview –Unstructured interview

6. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Administered Questionnaire Series of questions or statements on paper Meet with all participants as a group or subgroups Consider the location carefully Plan for supplies Plan to explain questionnaire, pass it out Anticipate problems, allow ample time

7. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Distributed Questionnaire Used for geographically wide sample Mailing, distributing in classes, meetings Carefully consider –Development –Format –Distribution –Return –Some examples in book

8. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Development Types of questions Reliability and validity of questionnaire must be assessed prior to using in a research study

9. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Format: appearance and layout, considerations for data entry, ordering questions to achieve highest response rate Distribution: cost, return rate; shorter- looking questionnaires do better, provide return envelope, send out more than you want to get back Return: some answers will be blank, check for potential accuracy problems

10. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Developmental Research Methods Examines growth and development Longitudinal approach Cross-sectional approach

11. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Case Study Study of a single person or event in great detail Need for detail and organization

12. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Correlational Methods Is there a relationship between variables? Must get measurements for both variables on all subjects Limited ability to manipulate the variables by the researcher Does not mean cause-and-effect

13. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Normative Methods Development of standards of performance Norm-referenced standards: based on percentile ranks Criterion-referenced standards: require minimum proficiency or pass- fail standards

14. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Observational Methods Data collection and analysis over long period of time, followed by research report (Qualitative Research)

15. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Action Method Conducted in natural setting to achieve a goal Very limited control over some variables

16. Chapter 8 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Causal-Comparative Methods “ ” research Trying to explain something about the present based on data gathered in the past