1. The Flight of the Creative Class Richard Florida, New York: Harper Business, 2005

2. Agenda Creative Class: Definition Why the Creative Class Is Important The Creativity Index  Talent  Technology  Tolerance Some Comparative Figures Building a Creative Society

3. The Creative Class: Definition Employed in specific areas:  Science and engineering  Architecture and design  Arts, music entertainment  Law, business and finance  Health care  Managers, professionals  Related fields Once upon a time were called “knowledge workers” Now this group also includes interior decorators, information finders, brokers, and hairdressers.

4. The Creative Class: Characteristics 30% of American workforce Receive 50% of all wage and salary income Mobile Educated, but not necessarily Create knowledge, ideas, jobs Are attracted to regions and cities EVERYONE is creative, but not everyone is in the creative class.

5. Why the Creative Class Is Important The creative sector generates $2,000,000,000,000 in wages and salary annually Explains almost all the growth in jobs between 1969 and now. The creative economy violates the “law of conservation of material”, which the materialistic economy obeys, by creating new material!

6. When is a Job “Creative”? When it involves expert thinking When it involves complex communication Not the same as university education

7. The Creativity Index Talent Tolerance Technology Creativity

8. Talent Human capital Augmented by density (i.e., cities, centers, regions)

9. Technology Need I say more

10. Tolerance Explains “flow” of human capital Related to Ashby’s idea of variation (“Only variation can drive out variation) and to the idea of flexibility and agility Proactive inclusiveness Ottaviani and Peri: “A more multicultural urban environment makes US-born citizens more productive.”

11. Some Measures Talent = f(creative-class, human-capital- index, scientific-talent-index) Technology = f(R&D-index, innovation- index) Tolerance = f(values-index,self- expression-index)

12. Talent creative-class-index  Proportion of workforce engaged in creative work or that number plus technicians (ILO) human-capital-index  Proportion of a country’s population with bachelor’s degree (1999-2001 OECD) scientific-talent-index  Number of researchers per million people (UNESCO)

13. Technology R&D-index  R&D expenditures as percentage of GDP (1999-2002 World Bank) Innovation-index  Patents granted per million people (US Patent and Trademark Office – 2001) Notice dated info here

14. Tolerance Values-index  Degree to which a country espouses “traditional” as opposed to “modern” or “secular” values Self-expression-index  Degree to which a nation values individual rights and self-expression Both are from World Values Survey (Ron Inglehart)

15. The Figures – Top 5 CountryCreati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Sweden0.8080.6420.8190.964 Japan0.7660.7020.7850.811 Finland0.6840.7280.6260.698 US0.6660.6010.8270.571 Switzerland0.6370.5410.6250.744 What does this mean?

16. The Figures – 6-10 CountryCreati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Denmark0.6130.5970.3850.858 Iceland0.6120.6580.4630.717 Netherlands0.6110.6430.3660.824 Norway0.5950.6860.2790.819 Germany0.5770.4680.5110.753

17. The Figures – Some More Country (Rank)Creati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Canada (11)0.5480.6030.4000.641 Israel (14)0.5250.3710.6700.533 UK (15)0.5170.5670.3270.657 Russian Fed(25) 0.3390.5210.1120.385 China (36)0.2300.0310.1090.550 India (41)0.1770.0850.1370.309 Romania (45)0.1270.1310.0350.214

18. More Interesting Countries (NAFTA, EC) Country (Rank)Creati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Czech Rep. (21) 0.3820.3170.1480.681 Ukraine (27)0.2960.4040.1030.380 Turkey (39)0.1860.2120.0650.282 Mexico (42) 0.1640.1500.0430.299 Ranges Top0.808 Sweden 0.728 Finland 0.827 US 0.964 Sweden Bottom0.127 Romania 0.031 China 0.030 Georgia 0.214 Romania

19. Lessons? Can a simple set of scales capture something so complex as creativity? Are the appropriate indices selected? Are the measures accurate? Valid? Reliable? What do the numbers mean in terms of competitiveness, improvement needed? What are the true independent variables here?