1. Georgia Performance Standards
SSWH17 The student will be able to identify the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I aExamine the influence of Albert Einstein on science, Sigmund Freud on social thinking and Pablo Picasso on art.
b. Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalin’s first Five Year Plan.
c. Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.
d. Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mohandas Gandhi.
e. Describe the nature of totalitarianism and the police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and Italy and how they differ from authoritarian governments.
nd World War II.
a. f. Explain the aggression and conflict leading to World War II in Europe and Asia; include the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, the Rape of Nanjing in China, and the German annexation of the Sudetenland.

2. Events Between World Wars
1. Causes of WWII (this will be an essay question)
Science and Art
Albert Einstein
Sigmund Freud
Pablo Picasso
Russian Revolution
Lenin
Bolsheviks
Trotsky
Stalin
Five Year Plan
Purge
Collectivize agriculture
Soviet Union
Fascism
Mussolini
Hitler
Anti Semitism
lebensraum
Hirohito
Totalitarianism VS Authoritarianism
Russia
Germany
Italy
Nationalism
Sun Yat Sen
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Mohandas Ghandi
Conflicts
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
Spanish Civil War
Rape of Nanking in China
German Annexes Sudetenland

3. Major Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles Rise of Italian fascism
Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
Great Depression
Japanese expansionism
Anti-communism
Appeasement
Militarism
Nationalism

4. Major Causes
World War II of
Versailles
Treaty of
fascism
Rise of
expansionism
Japanese
depression
Economic
communism
Anti-
Appeasement
Militarism
Nationalism
Hitler

5. Treaty of Versailles
After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations drafted a treaty to address issues such as territorial adjustments, reparations, armament restrictions, war guilt and the League of Nations.
The treaty punished Germany and left bitter feelings.
Germany was forced to accept all the blame for the war and pay millions in reparations to Britain and France.
Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France.
British Prime Minister George
Italian Prime Minister Orlando
French Prime Minister Clemenceau
U.S. President Wilson
“Big Four”

6. The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Fascism is a totalitarian form of government which:
Glorifies the state
Has one leader and one party
All aspects of society are controlled by the government
No opposition or protests are tolerated
Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced
Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped found the political ideology of fascism. He sided with the Axis powers in 1940.

7. Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose
In Germany, depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Election date
Votes in millions
Share
May 20, 1928
0.81
2.6%
September 14, 1930
6.41
18.3%
July 31, 1932
13.75
37.3%
November 6, 1932
11.74
33.1%
March 5, 1933
17.28
43.9%
Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose

8. A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933
Anti-Communism
Under communism, all means of production are controlled by the government, as are property, the media, and all other aspects of society.
The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian regimes; but most people chose fascism over communism.
Hitler exploited people’s fear of a communist takeover in Germany to rise to power in 1933.
A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

9. Worldwide Economic Depression
After WWI many European economies were unstable.
The boom in the U.S. throughout the 1920s helped sustain worldwide trade.
The 1929 stock market crash in the U.S. and the resulting Great Depression spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression.
As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, many people turned to powerful leaders and governments who promised success through military buildup and the conquest of territory.
German breadlines
Japanese children eating radish roots during famine

10. Japanese Expansionism
In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials.
The same year, Japan began to attack China, with full-scale war breaking out in 1937 in the Sino-Japanese War.
In 1938, war broke out between Japan and the Soviet Union in what were known as the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars.

11. Appeasement
Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemy’s demands in hopes of avoiding further conflict.
In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the German population living there was being mistreated.
The British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this would avoid a war in Europe.

12. Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society
Militarism
The glorification of war, in which a nation strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons in preparation for war.
An important aspect of militarism is that the glorification of war is incorporated into all levels of society, including education of the nation’s youth.
Militaristic societies have existed throughout human history.
Hitler Youth group
Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society

13. Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag
Nationalism
Nationalism is the belief in the superiority of one’s own nation over all others.
In the extreme, it can lead to major conflicts between nations.
Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s Hirohito each touted their nation’s ability to dominate all others in the years leading up to WWII.
Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag

14. How do fascism and communism compare?
Fascism – comes from the Latin word fasces, meaning “bundle of sticks”
Roman symbols contained an ax
The bundle symbolizes unity
Mussolini wanted to make Italy like the Great Roman Empire it once was

15. Communism Related to the word commune, communal, and community
Hammer and Sickle – symbolizes peasants and workers uniting
Related to the word commune, communal, and community
Soviet – means an elected council
Invented by Marx and Frederick Engels
They said the proletariat would:
Spontaneously get angry at their conditions
Revolt and take over the economy
For a short time, out of necessity, a dictator would emerge
Then eventually he would hand over governing to a democratic election process

16. Fascism Vs. Communism ECONOMY Types of LEADERS Famous Leaders
GOVERNMENT POLICY
Famous Leaders
Allows for capitalism, private ownership and wealth
The people via (by way of) government own the nation’s wealth – individual and personal wealth is limited
One powerful dictator
One powerful dictator
Strict controls on people’s lives
Nationalism
Militarism
Strict controls on people’s lives
Nationalism
Militarism

17. More… Fascism Vs. Communism Class System Human/Civil Rights
proletariat,
Peasants
upper educated class
ruling class
Marx said communism creates a classless society, but in reality there are:
proletariat
ruling class
People are all equals in the party
Little free speech
No dissent
Sexist and racist
Little free speech
No dissent

18. Fascism
MUSSOLINI
HITLER
HIROHITO

19. Propaganda and Control of the Media
Both communist and fascist governments control the news media and public information while at the same time issuing propaganda
Any media organizations that printed something against the government were shut down under Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito
News media is the best way to reach the masses

21. History of Jewish Religious persecution
During the 1200s, during the European Crusades, when English, French, Germans and Italians attacked Judea in the name of Christianity, many Jews were killed for being the race that “crucified” Jesus
In the 1600s, anyone who wasn’t Catholic, especially Jews in Spain, was tortured under the “inquisition”
During the 1800s, Jews all over Europe were the subject of pogroms, or mad mobs raiding Jewish villages and burning and killing people
Jews had been persecuted during the 1900s during the Russian Revolution and fled to Europe
After WWI, many people in Europe looked for reasons why WWI happened
For some, it was convenient to blame the ethnicity that was different or that stood out
For Hitler, and the NAZI socialist party, they believed it was their fault

22. In Judaism, the caftan was a symbol of their religious observance, just like Muslims wear robes and veils.

24. CNN News/Notes Quiz 1 pt Extra Credit – Define anti-semite.
What type of conditions did the reparations put on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles at the end of WWI create?
Who came to power after Lenin?
What is one government policy of both communism and fascism?
How do fascism and communism differ economically?
What country was Hirohito the emperor of?
What country was Mussolini the leader of?
T or F: Hitler and Mussolini took over their governments by force.
Marx said that one day the working class would get angry and spontaneously do what?
Describe a totalitarian government.
What is propaganda?
What methods did totalitarian leaders use to prevent dissent?
Describe Stalin’s Five Year Plans that failed.
What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
(Mon) What president of Venezuela gave president Obama a book about American domination in South America?
(Wed) What are the three R’s?
(Wed) The rainwater run-off of what chemical causes dead zones to occur in the Chesapeake Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico?
(Wed) Earth Day become a holiday in what year, 1 year after it was passed by Congress?
(Thurs) What is happening in Japan as a result of the recession?
(Thurs) What country has given up some Northwestern territory to the Taliban in the hopes that will satisfy them from advancing forward?
1 pt Extra Credit – Define anti-semite.

25. CNN News/Notes Quiz 1 pt Extra Credit – Define anti-semite.
What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
(Mon) What president of Venezuela gave president Obama a book about American domination in south America?
(Wed) What are the three R’s?
(Wed) The rainwater run-off of what chemical causes dead zones to occur in the Chesapeake Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico?
(Wed) Earth Day become a holiday in what year, 1 year after it was passed by Congress?
(Thurs) What is happening in Japan as a result of the recession?
(Thurs) What country has given up some Northwestern territory to the Taliban in the hopes that will satisfy them from advancing forward?
1 pt Extra Credit – Define anti-semite.
What type of conditions did the reparations put on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles at the end of WWI create?
Who came to power after Lenin?
What is one government policy of both communism and fascism?
How do fascism and communism differ economically?
What country was Hirohito the emperor of and when did his rule end??
What country was Mussolini the leader of and what years did he rule?
T or F: Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito took over their governments by force.
Marx said that one day the working class would get angry and spontaneously do what?
Describe a totalitarian government.
What is propaganda?
What methods did totalitarian leaders use to prevent dissent?
What is dissent?

26. Georgia Performance Standards
SSWH17 The student will be able to identify the major political and economic factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II.
a. Examine the influence of Albert Einstein on science, Sigmund Freud on social thinking and Pablo Picasso on art.
b. Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalin’s first Five Year Plan.
c. Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.
d. Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mohandas Gandhi.
e. Describe the nature of totalitarianism and the police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and Italy and how they differ from authoritarian governments.
f. Explain the aggression and conflict leading to World War II in Europe and Asia; include the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, the Rape of Nanjing in China, and the German annexation of the Sudetenland.

27. Science, Art, and Music between Wars
After WWI, people thought the world was falling apart because no war had been this horrific and all encompassing. The war’s end didn’t stop suffering. Europe's economy was in a depression. America was soon in the Great Depression. Nations everywhere were in civil wars and revolutions. Art and literature between wars reflected this depression and disillusionment. A lot of poetry focused on death and destruction. Music and film reflected a desire to cut loose. Medicine focused on the inner mind, better surgical techniques, and antibiotics to kill infection from a wound. Many soldiers died because these weren’t invented yet. Science focused on cutting edge technology, like radioactivity, which led to creating the Atom bomb.

28. Group Work Assignment (p. 752)
Who discovered the theory of radioactivity?
Albert Einstein
What theory did Albert Einstein discover?
Where was he from?
What did this theory state?
How did Einstein's theory reinforce post-war ideas?
Sigmund Freud
5. Where was he from?
6. What scientific method did he invent?
What does this method say?
How did his ideas influence writing? (754)
Pablo Picasso
8. What was his nationality?
9. What new style of painting did he and another artist invent?
10. Describe the technique.
11. What is abstract art?
12. What is surrealism?
13. How do you think these art types were influenced by what had happened in WWI?

29. Picasso’s Blue Period
Monochromatic – using only one color

30. Picasso’s Rose Period

31. Cubism

32. More Cubism and Abstraction

33. Pablo Picasso
Create our own Picasso
Francisco Goya

34. Assignment
Draw your own picture based on Cubism. You can draw anything except a stick figure. Draw the normal object first, then draw it in Cubist style. Due at end of class.
Example
Step 1: Draw normal picture.
Step 2: Draw cubist interpretation.

35. Sigmund Freud Albert Einstein Picasso
Use your books to answer the following questions about each person. (p752-53)
Sigmund Freud
Where was he from?
What is he known for doing?
What is psychoanalysis?
What is the main reason that society creates moral values?
Albert Einstein
What theory did Albert Einstein invent?
What does that theory state?
What does the book say that his idea’s reinforced?
Picasso
What is Cubism?
What is abstract art?
What is surrealism?

36. Chapter 31 World War II

37. THE ROAD TO WAR (with Japan)
1931 – Japan, seeking raw material, invades Manchuria (again). When the League of Nations meets to debate the situation, Japan withdraws from the League.

38. THE ROAD TO WAR
1934 – Japan withdraws from the Washington Treaty [created in 1921 to limit the size of the world’s navies and thus reduce the possibility of war] and starts to create the most powerful navy in the Pacific.

39. THE ROAD TO WAR Rape of Nanking -1937- Japan invades China
Rapes thousands, kills hundereds of thousands

40. “I know not where to end. Never I have heard or read such brutality
“I know not where to end. Never I have heard or read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night, and many by day. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab or a bullet... People are hysterical... Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever it pleases.”

41. Road to War (with Germany)
Harsh conditions from the ____________ forced on Germany after WWI create a depression
Hitler wins wide support making promises to restore Germany to power and economic prosperity
By 1936, unemployment is virtually non-existent
Many people credit Hitler with their prosperity
They ignore the fact that their freedom of speech and religion are taken away
They ignore racist laws against Jews

42. THE ROAD TO WAR
In defiance of the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler announces that Germany will start to rebuild its army and air force.
Great Britain and France protest but do nothing.

43. THE ROAD TO WAR
1936 the Rome-Berlin Axis - Hitler signs which military alliance with Italy
Then Italy and Germany ally with Japan

44. United States Tries to Stay Out of It…..Again
U.S. passes a bill to stay out; Neutrality Acts
forbids sale of weapons to nations at war
Forbids loans to nations at war

45. THE ROAD TO WAR 1890 Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia, but failed
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia.
Ethiopian leader Haile Selassie asksLeague of Nations for help
Who was conspicuously NOT a member of the League of Nations?

46. THE ROAD TO WAR The League put some sanctions or penalties on Italy.
Listen to original News Audio
By early 1936 Italy had conquered Ethiopia

47. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
in the 1930s Spain was going through a period of unrest. King Alfonso XII was forced to abdicate and a republic was set up which was controlled by liberals and
Socialists. The Catholic Church lost status (lands confiscated) and the army was reduced in size however unrest continued throughout Spain (strikes, riots, etc)

48. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
by 1936 a coalition government was elected that included socialists, liberals, and communists
They moved against the military leadership and redistributed the land to peasants.

49. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
In July, 1936 a group of generals led by Francisco Franco revolted against the republican government - this will turn into the Spanish Civil War.

50. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The generals wanted to restore power of Catholic Church and destroy socialism and communism in Spain.
The followers of Franco were called Nationalists and the Republicans called Loyalists.

51. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The Spanish civil war will become an international issue.
The League of Nations tried to stop the flow of weapons into Spain from foreign powers but League was unsuccessful.

52. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Mussolini and Hitler supported Franco with weapons and manpower. The Italians and especially the Germans used the war as a practice ground for their militaries (new weapons and tactics tried out under combat conditions)

53. Guernica

54. SPANISH CIVIL WAR
the Loyalists' were supported by Stalin and some democracies but their help was much less than what the Nationalists were receiving.
By 1939 the Spanish Civil War was over and Franco had set up a Fascists dictatorship in Spain.

55. THE ROAD TO WAR
1936 -Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland in direct violation of the Versailles Treaty
France and Great Britain protest but make no military resistance.
1938 – Germany annexes land from Czechoslovakia
1939 – annexes Austria
Most annexes done without bloodshed because these areas are ethnically German

57. CNN News/Notes Quiz 3,4,5 Define anti-semite.
Describe Stalin’s Five Year Plans that failed.
Picasso is known for creating what painting style?
What countries or territories did Germany annex in the 1930s?
What country did Italy attack in the 1930s?
What did the United States do to stay out of the coming war?
Describe what happened in the Rape of Nanking.
Why did the majority of German citizens support Hitler after he came to power?
What is the main reason the United States didn’t do anything about the countries that were militarizing and siezing other lands during the 1930s? (hint: what was happening in the 1930s in the U.S.)
In general, U.S. citizens didn’t want anyone who was ________, ________, or _________ to immigrate and become a citizen.
What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
Define anti-semite.

58. CNN News/Notes Quiz 3,4,5
What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it? Hitler’s book; “my struggle”
(M) What Middle Eastern country’s Prime Minister was assassinated in 2005? lebanon
(M) What are some football players getting to do after 15 years? Re-match
(T) What is the best way to avoid getting or passing a disease? Wash hands, cover cough, don’t touch face
(T) What militant group is taking over some parts of Pakistan and the poor welcome them? taliban
(T) What American car series will be extinct because that division of GM is going out of business? pontiac
(W) Wednesday marked what political milestone for President Obama? 100th day in office
(Th) What did the news segment mean when they talk about patient-zero? First person with swine flu
1 pt Extra Credit – Define anti-semite.
Person who hates jews
Describe Stalin’s Five Year Plans that failed. He tried to modernize Russia in five years through industrialization
Picasso is known for creating what painting style? cubism
What countries or territories did Germany annex in the 1930s? Belgium’s rhineland, czeckoslovakia’s sudetenland, austria
What country did Italy attack in the 1930s? Ethiopia
What did the United States do to stay out of the coming war? Passed neutrality acts
Describe what happened in the Rape of Nanking. Japanese soldiers attacked the chinese capitol and raped and killed 1,000s
Why did the majority of German citizens support Hitler after he came to power? b/c he improved the economy
What is the main reason the United States didn’t do anything about the countries that were militarizing and siezing other lands during the 1930s? (hint: what was happening in the 1930s in the U.S.) the great depression
In general, U.S. citizens didn’t want anyone who was japanese, roman catholic, or jewish to immigrate and become a citizen.

59. Acting out History Group 1 – Sigmund Freud Group 2 – Kemal Ataturk
Perform a skit in which one person is Freud performing psychoanalysis on his patients. Skit must demonstrate what psychoanalysis is and at least one other belief Freud had about human nature. Skit must use at least one prop.
Group 2 – Kemal Ataturk
Perform a skit in which one person is Ataturk and he is trying to reform his citizens. It must show the audience what Ataturk tried to do with his country regarding nationalism. Skit must use at least one prop.
Group 3 – Mohandas Gandhi
Perform a skit in which one person is Gandhi and one person represents the laws of Great Britain. Skit must demonstrate what he did to support cultural nationalism. Skit must use at least one prop.

60. Spanish Civil War
Answer the following questions found on pages in your books.
Who was the King of Spain in the 1920s? Alfonso II
Who dominated Spanish life in the 20s? (same conditions as French Revolution)
What happened in 1931?
What did the new government do for the lower classes?
Which sides did the Leftists and the Conservatives support?
What year did Spain’s Civil War begin and who led it?
People who supported the new regime were called what? People against were called what?
Who helped the new government leader?
What happened in the air raids on Guernica?
Then by 1939, the civil war ended with who in charge and what type of government did he set up?

61. Nationalism Around the World
Define (p. 725)
Nationalism
Economic nationalism
Cultural nationalism.
Sun Yat Sen (p )
What country was he from?
From China plunged into a period of __________, almost a civil war.
What country tried to make China a protectorate in 1915?
By the 1920, what new political party, influenced by Russia’s revolution and Marx’s ideas, emerged?
What did Sun Yat Sen plan to do but he died in 1925 and didn’t see the plan through?
What young leader escaped attacks on the communists, to later become China’s great Communist dictator who would lead them to their current communist situation?
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (p. 728)
What does Ataturk mean?
What did he do to modernize his country?
How did he undertake economic or cultural nationalist activities?
Mohandas Ghandi (p. 731)
What religion was he?
What laws did he fight during his lifetime?
What type of resistance did he invent that MLK also used to combat race laws in the U.S.? This is also known as _________ disobedience, a philosophy that follows the Hindu law of ahimsa, or ______.
How did he set an example for other Indians, in terms of how to be proud?

62. American Isolationism
The failure of foreign peace efforts such as the disillusioned many Americans about international involvement.
The U.S. was in a major depression throughout the 1930s and was mostly concerned with its own problems.
Conflict in Europe seemed distant, and the U.S. tried to remain neutral. This policy weakened the European democracies.
The Nye Committee held congressional hearings in the mid-1930s, concluding that the U.S. was tricked into entering WWI by arms manufacturers and Allied propaganda.

63. Vichy France–
Southern France was controlled by a French Government who collaborated, or worked with, Hitler
Collaboration was seen by some as patriotism, a way to keep Hitler from completely controlling France
Citizens were divided and many turned against each other
WWI veterans saw it as giving in to Hitler’s demands
The Vichy government gave up all Jewish citizens to the Gestapo, the German police
Resistance fighters, with the support of Great Britain, began guerilla warfare against the Vichy
They snuck Jews to Palestine and across the Pyrenees Mts. To Spain
When discovered they were sent to concentration camps or killed
Eventually Hitler occupied the free zone anyway

64. Theaters of War: Where WWII Was Fought
Europe
Atlantic Ocean
Asia
North Africa
Pacific

65. HITLER’S WWII PARTNERS

66. THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII
India
Brazil
These are the nations that had a substantial number of soldiers involved in the fighting.
THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII

67. WWII Ends

68. Germany was destroyed after WWII

69. The Tehran Conference - 1943
The big Three - U.S. (Franklin D. Roosevelt), Great Britain (Winston Churchill), Russia (Stalin)
Planned final war strategy

70. The Yalta Conference
The big Three decide how to split up war-torn Europe

71. The Potsdam Conference - 1945
The big Three - (Harry S. Truman – F.D.R. had died decide to divide and occupy Germany, and Berlin, between the four winning allied nations to rebuild it
Russia makes their portion communist
Western countries rule under capitalism and democracy- hold government elections, have free enterprise

72. Berlin Divided
United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.) cuts off all roads, including food supplies, to their section
The US creates a round-the-clock airlift for the city, the Berlin Airlift for a year.
By 1961 USSR builds a wall preventing citizens from walking to either side of the city

73. WWII Ends 2. U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as the only superpowers
3. France and Great Britain in debt to U.S.
4. Japan will never again be a military power
5. Cold War
1. United Nations established – 1945, 50 countries meet in San Francisco to establish the UN.
The UN set up a General Assembly with leading Security Council members-US, USSR, Great Britain, France, and China – same as today.
The Goal? Prevent WWIII.

74. Marshall Plan
George Marshall U.S. Secretary of State proposed we rebuild Europe to help it fight hunger and poverty and make it better able to resist communism.

75. The Marshall Plan cont.
The US even offers to help the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe but they refuse.
In all the United States will spend more than 12.5 billion dollars to aid war torn Europe.

76. Increased Cold War Tensions
1949 US, Canada and nine western European countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
1955 – New Soviet Leader (Stalin Dies 1953) Nikita Khrushchev signs Warsaw Pact, allying with Eastern European countries; Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Bulgaria

77. Creation of Israel

78. Review Game

79. Choose the name for the government that ruled a “free” France for 2 years after Hitler attacked.
Vichy
Verdun
Venice
Versailles

80. General Douglas MacArthur
Who was the American commander of the Pacific campaign?
General Douglas MacArthur

81. Pick the reason that is NOT a cause of WWII
nationalism
Hitler
The Russian Revolution
Treaty of Versailles
The Russian revolution caused suffering in Russia but didn’t affect the rest of Europe as much

82. What was the name of the event where U. S
What was the name of the event where U.S. forces in the Philippines were forced by their Japanese captors to march 60 miles in sweltering tropical heat to their Prisoner of War camps?
Bataan Death March

83. Who was not a member of the ‘allied’ nations
Italy
Russia
Japan
France
Italy dropped out two years into the war.
Russia joined because Hitler attacked them.

84. In the movie Charlotte Gray Vichy officer, before he interrogates the old Jewish man, says “I would say with my hand on my heart, that there is no greater act of patriotism than to collaborate.” How would the old man, who fought in WWI, feel about that statement?
defeated
angry
ambivalent
concerned
WWI veterans would feel angry about that statement because they fought against Germany in WWI, and collaboration is like giving in

85. Who was the dictator of Russia during WWII?
Stalin

86. What does the phrase “island hopping” refer to?
The way the Hawaiian Islands were formed
A new type of warfare the Japanese invented
A new way of partying during WWII
The method by which the Marines fought in the Pacific War of WWII
Some marines fought on more than 100 islands during WWII

87. What is the name of the plans that Stalin undertook to industrialize his country and where he moved all the peasants onto collective work farms?
The Five Year Plans

88. Franklin Delano Roosevelt didn’t make the Potsdam Conference of 1946 because he was
preoccupied
dead
nervous
at war
He died of Polio

89. What is the vocabulary word that means “hatred of Jews”, which many people in Europe felt even before Hitler starting talking about eliminating them?
Anti-semitic

90. What is the name of the battle where Hitler’s 9th Army attacked the Russian capital city, named after its dictator, and completely demolished it?
Battle of Stalingrad

91. What is the “discovery” that U. S
What is the “discovery” that U.S. troops found in Germany when they crossed the Rhine River?
Concentration camps

92. Which Vice President represented the U. S
Which Vice President represented the U.S. in the big three at the Potsdam Conference after FDR died?
Nixon
Kennedy
Truman
MacArthur

93. What is the largest concentration camp in Poland?
Auschwitz

94. The Potsdam Conference is important because it
Created the conditions for the Cold War to happen
Made Stalin angry because he thought the Soviet Union should get more land
Was the third major conference between the Big Three
None of the above
It put the U.S. and Soviet Union in control of different parts of Germany

95. China was attacked and controlled by Japan before and during WWII
T or F: China was a member of the AXIS powers in WWII.
False
China was attacked and controlled by Japan before and during WWII

96. Where did U.S. troops attack first in WWII?
N. Africa
Japan
Germany
Russia
They weren’t prepared for the hot and arid conditions they would face fighting in the Sahara Desert but Germany had troops there too

97. Pick the reason that the United States joined the war?
The sinking of the Lusitania
The bombing of oil refineries on the California coast
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
The bombing of London
Caused joining WWI
Happened after pearl harbor
Happened after pearl harbor

98. What does D-Day, otherwise known as Operation Overlord, refer to in WWII?
When U.S. troops attacked the beaches of Japan
When U.S. troops stormed the beaches of Normandy, France
When U.S. troops finally crossed into Germany
When U.S. troops dropped the A-bomb on Japan

99. Why was the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific a strategic necessity for U.S. forces?
It had oil reserves U.S. ships needed
They needed to land their B-52 bombers there
It was a good place to build a Naval base
It was next to a major shipping supply line for Japanese forces and U.S. forces wanted to cut them off from it

100. Guadalcanal was important also because
The indigenous culture was wiped out
It had historic relics that we ruined
It was the first air war in the Pacific
It was the first ground war fought in the Pacific

101. The United States was lucky at Pearl Harbor because
The Japanese didn’t bomb all of the aircraft at the inland airfield
They didn’t fly farther in and bomb supply stations
Our aircraft carriers weren’t at port there, and we later used them to win the war
All of the above

102. The Marshall Plan said we should pay to rebuild Europe with the purpose, or goal, of
Keeping communism from taking hold there
Making competitive economies to ours
Alleviating hunger
Eliminating fascism

103. The Japanese commander who designed the attack on Pearl Harbor and who the U.S. killed in a later air raid in the Pacific
Yamamoto
Hirohito
Emperor Meiji
Yamaguchi

104. Pick the country that was the first communist country in the world
Germany
Italy
Japan
Russia

105. What treaty did we make with Japan after WWII?
We would help pay for them to rebuild their military if they wouldn’t use it against us
We would bomb them again if they attack us
We would protect them but they can’t build up their military again
We would allow them to control the Pacific Ocean to facilitate trade with China

106. Which conference involving the ‘big three’ was the most important in terms of what was decided
Potsdam
Berlin
Tehran
Yalta

107. U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall
Who is the Marshall Plan named after? (Hint: Hillary Clinton shares the same position)
U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall

108. What did the allies do with Germany at the end of the war?
Distributed anti-Hitler pamphlets
Held free elections for all Germans
Argued over who would rule
Divided it (relatively) equally among themselves

109. Why is WWII truly a “world war,” whereas WWI wasn’t really a “world war.”
WWI took place mostly in Europe; WWII took place all around the Pacific, in North Africa, all over Europe, and even in the United States