1. 1 Pertemuan 10 The Manipulative part of the object data model (Lanjutan bagian 1) Matakuliah: M0174/OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE Tahun: 2005 Versi: 1/0

2. 2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Mahasiswa dapat Menjelaskan penerapan penggunaan dan konsep data model dari generasi teknologi database (C2)

3. 3 Outline Materi Pick and mix operations Object processing operators Boolean operators

4. 4 Pick and mix operations Restrict –Restrict is a unary operator (it operates on just one object). This operator is sometime call “select”, but here we used the name restrict so as to avoid confusion with select operation in OQL. –This operator is used to define a set object which contain object for which some condition is true.

5. 5 Pick and mix operations Example Restrict product where color = ‘Black’

6. 6 Pick and mix operations Union –Is a binary operator (it takes two objects as operands). –Union of two set object is a set object which contains all off the objects contained in one or both of the two operand set objects. Example Retail_Customer Union [Customer] Trade_Customer

7. 7 Pick and mix operations Intersect –Intersect like union operators upon two set objects. –The intersection of two set objects contains object which occur in both of them. Example Retail_Customer Intersect [Customer] Trade_Customer

8. 8 Pick and mix operations Difference (minus) –This operator like intersect and union, operators upon two set objects. –Difference define a set object which contains objects which occur in the first of the operand set objects, but not in the second. Example Retail_Customer Minus [Customer] Trade_Customer

9. 9 Object processing operators Apply –Is used to process the objects in a set by applying to each of them a specific operation. Fold –This operator like Apply, applies an operation to each object in a set, but also applies a second operation to resulting object so as to combine them into a single object

10. 10 Object processing operators Join –A join operation matches object within difference set object, and then applies a specified function to each matching pair. Tuple_Join –The tuple_join of two set objects R and S using the matching function P.

11. 11 Object processing operators Outer_Join –The outer_Join combines objects taken from two operand set object and uses three functions. The first processes pair of matching objects, the second processes unmatched objects from the first operand, and the third processes unmatched object from the second operand. Least_Fixed_Point –This operator retrieves information by repeatedly applying a specified function until no further information can be granted.

12. 12 Boolean operators Exists –This operator returns true if there exists within a set object an object for which a specified Boolean condition evaluates to true, otherwise it returns false. Forall –This operator returns true if a specified Boolean expression returns true for all objects contain in the operand set object, otherwise the expression returns false.

13. 13 Boolean operators Member –The member operator returns true if a specified object is contained with a set- objects, otherwise it returns false.

14. 14 SUMMARY The pick and mix operator upon set objects are RESTRICT, UNION, INTERSECT, DIFFERENCE, CHOOSE, GROUP, AND ELIMINATE_DUPLICATES Object processing operators include APPLY, FOLD, JOIN, and LEAST_FIXED POINT Boolean operators include EXIST, FORALL, and MEMBER