1. 12/08/01Ernst1 Recent Development in Networking Connectivity Michael Ernst DESY

2. 12/08/01Ernst2 DFN’s Trans Atlantic Connectivity Today STM 4

3. 12/08/01Ernst3 News on TA Connectivity (1) Planned for 2002 –Direct link GEANT Abilene / CANARIE @ 2 * 2.5 Gbps (Q I, 2002) –UCAID will add another 2 * 2.5 Gbps –UCAID proposing joint Project GTRN

4. 12/08/01Ernst4 DFN’s Trans Atlantic Connectivity in Q I, 2002 STM 4 STM 16

5. 12/08/01Ernst5 News on TA Connectivity (2) Global Terabit Research Network –“Terabit Net” for Science and Research –Europe as Mediator for Asian-Pacific Area For DFN/US Global Transit (commodity traffic) –2 * 2.5 Gbps in Q I, 2002 –Contract with 2 Providers Global Crossing (2.5 Gbps) KPNQwest (2.5 Gbps) –Tendering Process in Collaboration with DANTE

6. 12/08/01Ernst6 Trans Atlantic Traffic Development from Sep ‘00 - Nov ‘01 (Statistics provided by DFN)

7. 12/08/01Ernst7 GÉANT Backbone speeds: –initial target: core at 2.5 Gbps –network achieved: 9 trunks at 10 Gbps and 11 trunks at 2.5 Gbps Access speeds: –11 NRENs to connect at 2.5 Gbps Future plans: –100’s of Gbps within four years Gigabit Speeds

8. 12/08/01Ernst8 GÉANT TEN-155: –21 NRENs linked –25 countries connected in total GÉANT: –27 NRENS –31 countries - 6 new countries, 2 in the Balkans –Open to further connections from national organisations Geographic Expansion

9. 12/08/01Ernst9 GÉANT Connectivity to other regions of the world European Distributed Access: –effective distribution mechanism through backbone core –uniform presentation of the European networks Global Connectivity

10. 12/08/01Ernst10 GÉANT TEN-155 continuity: –TEN-155 Managed Bandwidth Service, using ATM technology End-to-end QoS –with NREN involvement Different types of QoS: –Guaranteed bandwidth –Predictable delay and jitter –Guaranteed bandwidth + predictable delay and jitter Guaranteed QoS

11. 12/08/01Ernst11 GÉANT - A Development Platform A network for research: –TF-NGN, SEQUIN http://www.dante.net/tf-ngn http://www.dante.net/sequin Initiatives with IPv6: –TF-NGN, 6NET Proposal Co-operation with Grids: –EuroGrid, DataGrid Joint development clauses with suppliers

12. 12/08/01Ernst12 Price Development of International Bandwidth (Source: V. Berkhout)

13. 12/08/01Ernst13 GÉANT Technology 2.5/10 Gbps as single wavelengths –with SDH framing –no access to optical level / (dark) fibre TEN-155 aggregate circuit length = 22,000 km

14. 12/08/01Ernst14 Stepping to 10Gbps Cost vs capacity –10Gbps in 8 countries … quadruples capacity adds less than 10% to cost –Pushing 2.5Gbps as far as possible

15. 12/08/01Ernst15 Issues Service is diverse (wavelengths and SDH) Guaranteed bandwidth and VPN capability needs further development...... as does management of end-to-end capability Cooperation of NREN, MAN and campus network operators is needed

16. 12/08/01Ernst16 Summary on GEANT 10 Gbps now! Wavelength networks –National and International Better geographical coverage Progress on global connectivity Challenging the vendors QoS/VPN will need our help!

17. 12/08/01Ernst17 STM 16 (2.5 Gbps) DFN’s Connectivity to Europe GEANT

18. 12/08/01Ernst18 Development of DFN TEN-155 / GEANT Traffic from Jan ‘01 - Nov ‘01 (Statistics provided by DFN)

19. 12/08/01Ernst19 GB DESY’s Monthly Traffic Volume (Received)

20. 12/08/01Ernst20 The Silk Project Hans Frese DESY Hamburg NATO Advisory Panel on Computer Networking SILK Task Force

21. 12/08/01Ernst21 The Silk Task Force Peter Kirstein, UCL, London Hans Frese, DESY, Hamburg Robert Janz, RUG, Groningen Sergey Berezhnev, MSU, Moscow Zita Wenzel, ISI, Marina del Rey, CA Rolf Nordhagen, UIO, Oslo Ruben Mkrtchyan, YERPHI, Yerevan Walter Kaffenberger, NATO

22. 12/08/01Ernst22 Activity of the Network Panel The Networks Panel has supported Network Infrastructure Grants (NIGs) for many years –Was initially Russia and Eastern Europe –Southern Caucasus and Central Asia are current principal areas for our larger grants Internet Connectivity has been a large part of each NIG Current bandwidths much too small –but all that can be afforded from budget

23. 12/08/01Ernst23 Intentions of NIGs Improve National Research Net Infrastructure –Not that of isolated groups or institutes Encourage National Collaboration –Preferably to set up National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) Encourage International Collaboration –Ever more important at the current time

24. 12/08/01Ernst24 Current Connectivity Bandwidth from NATO sources currently 64 – 512 Kbps –Would like to go up by an order of magnitude at least –Cost unaffordable in current model ($100k per year for 1 Megabit per second) National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) partially exist in most of the countries intended currently

25. 12/08/01Ernst25 Possible Technologies Mainly Fibre in Western Europe –No affordable fibre yet in Caucasus or Central Asia (> 5 times satellite cost) –Does exist in E. Europe and Russia Satellite attractive in these areas –Satellite Bandwidth driving force –Broadcast capability can be useful Proposed Silk Project in 2000 –Based on VSAT Technology

26. 12/08/01Ernst26 Schematic of the Silk System

27. 12/08/01Ernst27 A short primer on satellites (1) Satellites are bent pipes in the sky 5 to 10 year lead times imply mature/old technology in the sky Fiber has taken over the oceans, satellites are looking for work Compared to fiber, satellite bandwidth is low, but...

28. 12/08/01Ernst28 A short primer on satellites (2)... one satellite covers one third of the globe... broadcasting to many locations is trivial... bandwidth is simplex –it can be allocated asymmetrically and shared between locations... minimal local infrastructure requirements – unobstructed view south – 240 Volts with diesel backup if needed

29. 12/08/01Ernst29 A short primer on satellites (3) Buying satellite bandwidth: –you pay for radio frequency bandwidth –and battery consumption in the sky –buy in bulk to obtain discount Using a larger dish fetches more energy and improves the signal to noise ratio This allows higher density modulation which produces more Mbps per MHz Net result: 1 Mbps per year for $25K

30. 12/08/01Ernst30 Who gets connected? Funded by NATO –National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) in the Partner countries Co-funded by –NGOs –Supranational Organisations Staged Implementation –E.g. Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyz Rep, Uzbekistan –E. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan

31. 12/08/01Ernst31 Satellite station configuration

32. 12/08/01Ernst32 Planned Silk Bandwidth

33. 12/08/01Ernst33 EurasiaSat PROs –Covers both Asia and Western Europe –Can use small earth stations (2.4m) –Hamburg hub (DESY) well connected to European backbone –Bandwidth on demand for e.g. teleteaching CONs –Requires expensive hub station in the West ($650K)

34. 12/08/01Ernst34 Project Management DESY will provide Technical Management Area Consultants plus Silk Task Force will provide first Process Management –If project grows, may get professionals –May be able to work with other funding agencies operating in the area Project Steering Committee provide high level policy management

35. 12/08/01Ernst35 Policy Steering Committee Will include at least all Co-Directors and representatives of funders Terms of Reference to be decided by members Policy includes many areas to discuss –AUP rules, Membership, responsibilities of NRENs, move to financial sustainability, bandwidth rules, any dispute resolution

36. 12/08/01Ernst36 Summary Propose a system with 25-50 Mbps for 8 countries in Caucasus and Central Asia System could grow with additional investment from others

37. 12/08/01Ernst37 Conclusions The Project is ready to start The technical and organisational framework is in place A choice has to be made

38. 12/08/01Ernst38 L3 Switch = Router Backbone Server Farm Server Distribution L3 Switch = Router L2 Switch Modular Campus Network Design Building Access Layer Distribution Layer Building L2 Switch Backbone