1. ITU Regional Standardization Forum For Africa Dakar, Senegal, 24-25 March 2015 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WORK OF QUESTIONS 13, 14 AND 15 OF ITU-T SG5 Peter Ulanga, Rapporteur Q13/5 Associate Rapporteur Q14/5 and Q15/5

2. Working Party 3 (WP3/5) Work areas:  Q13/5 - Environmental impact reduction including e-waste  Q14/5 - Setting up a low cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries  Q15/5 - ICTs and adaptation to the effects of climate change  Q16/5 - Leveraging and enhancing the ICT Environmental sustainability  Q17/5 - Energy efficiency for the ICT sector and harmonization of environmental standards  Q18/5 - Methodologies for the assessment of environmental impact of ICT  Q19/5 - Power feeding systems ICT and climate change

3. Highlights Q13/5 – Environmental Impact Reduction Including e-waste Q14/5 – Setting up a low-cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Q15/5 - ICTs and adaptation to the effects of climate change

4. Study Group 5 – Environment and Climate Change Working Party 3 – ICTs and Climate Change Question 13 - Environmental impact reduction including e-waste ITU-T Study Group 5

5. Question 13/5: Environmental impact reduction including e-waste Main study area: Avoid hazardous materials through standards Minimize the environmental and health impact of ICT products, equipment and facilities Promote proper and environmentally responsible recycling Foster responsible and proper final disposal of e-waste

6. Question 13/5: Environmental impact reduction including e-waste Main tasks: Assist countries to develop policies on e-waste management Help companies becoming more sustainable and socially responsible Develop international standards on life-cycle management of ICT equipment Carry out research and development Raise awareness

7. Highlights on deliverables: ITU-T Recommendations Power supply series Batteries E-waste management

8. Power supply series  Recommendation ITU-T L.1000: Universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile terminals and other hand- held ICT devices:  Saves 82,000 tons of e-waste per year  Saves at least 13.6 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually  Recommendation ITU-T L.1001: External universal power adapter solutions for stationary information and communication technology devices:  Saves 300,000 tons of e-waste per year  Reduces the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of external power supplies by between 25% and 50%

9. Power supply series  DRAFT Recommendation ITU-T L.1002​: External universal power adapter solutions for portable information and communication technology devices:  Reduces e-waste, optimizing the use of scarce and raw materials and allowing for reuse  Recommends design for MTBF 50.000 hours of active use  Increases usability  Recommendation ITU-T ​L.1005​: Test suites for assessment of the universal charger solution:  Describes specific test suites to assess energy efficiency, interworking, safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the universal charger solution and charger

10. Batteries  Recommendation ITU-T L.1010​: Green batteries solution for mobile phones and other hand-held information and communication technology devices. ​  Extends the lifetime of handsets  Reduces global resources consumption  Eliminates toxic materials

11. E-waste management Necessity of rare-metal recycling:  A mobile phone contains no less than 20 rare metals  A ton of gold ore yields just 5 g of gold, whereas a ton of used mobile phones yields a staggering 400 g.  Recommendation ITU-T L.1100: A method to provide recycling information of rare metals in ICT products.

12. E-waste management Necessity of a common and accurate measurement method:  For successful recycling, producers are required to provide detailed information on rare metals to recyclers.  A common measurement method can facilitate recycling information exchanges between producers and recyclers.  Recommendation ITU-T L.1101: ​Measurement methods to characterize rare metals in information and communication technology goods:  XRF (X-ray fluorescence)  ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)

13. Supplement 5 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Agreed: December 2014 Title: Life-cycle management of ICT goods Scope:  It provides information for the practical implementation of the life-cycle approach in companies, facilities and plants as well as distributors, including chapters on best practices with a specific focus on material usage and selection.

14. Supplement 4 to ITU-T L-series Recommendations Agreed: December 2014 Title: Guidelines for developing a sustainable e-waste management system Photo: Fairphone, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 (cropped)FairphoneCC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Scope:  It provides a set of guidelines that countries could refer to when designing their e-waste management system;  It provides guidance on policy/legal framework, collection mechanisms, financial mechanisms and engagement with all relevant stakeholders.

15. New work items  Supplement on Collection of sustainable models for e-waste management by private corporations;  Supplement on Assessment of quantity of E-waste in developing countries;  Supplement Circular Economy;  Supplement on Implementation guidance for ICT SME supply chains due diligence on conflict minerals.

16. What do we see in the future of 13/5? Q13/5 will be focusing on new study areas around issues of e-waste management …

17. Study Group 5 – Environment and Climate Change Working Party 3 – ICTs and Climate Change Question 14 - Setting up a low-cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries ITU-T Study Group 5

18. Question 14/5: Setting up a low-cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Main study area: low cost transmission technologies Studies around the areas of energy efficiencies Sustainable and environmental friendly infrastructure Easy to install infrastructure requiring low maintenance skills

19. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 19 Main tasks 1) Low-cost trunk transmission lines to rural stations with sufficient bandwidth; 2) Wireless and wired networks connecting rural stations and end-users; 3) Low energy consumption cost effective infrastructure; ( could they Work off-grid) 4) Solution should be easy to deploy and setup; 5) Solution should be robust and have low maintenance requirements; 6) The system should be environmentally friendly throughout its lifecycle.

20. How is it envisaged to solve the problems? 3) Low energy consumption cost effective infrastructure; ( could they Work off-grid) 5) Solution should be robust and have low maintenance requirements; Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 20 High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population High Opex Low ARPU Sparse population

21. Approved Work Items Work ItemSubject/Title Infrastructure best practicesAdequate power, building/shelter, accessibility, skilled manpower to operate System requirementsDeployment architecture, power consumption, power source, packaging, operation & maintenance, etc. Technical requirements best practices Identify, assess and consolidate the challenges faced by developing countries in setting up a low cost sustainable telecommunication infrastructure in rural areas of developing nations. Mobile network technologies best practices Type of transmission media, i.e. fiber optics, satellite technology, over-the-air antenna, etc. Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 21

22. Approved Work Items Work ItemSubject/Title Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 22 Automated remote weather sensing equipment best practices Remote weather stations to provide short-term extreme weather event information and long term trends such as drought and monsoon Sustainable power for systems in remote rural areas best practice Possible technological/engineering solutions for sustainable power requirements

23. Q14/5 framework recommendation Framework Recommendation – Recommendation to provide a framework of general requirements for low cost sustainable infrastructure for developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 23

24. Structure of the Deliverables of Q14/5 Supplement A Supplement B Supplement C Supplement D Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 24 Framework Recommendation

25. Supplements to Framework Recommendation Supplement A – Using Capacity Transfer Repeater to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Supplement B – Using Microwave Links to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 25

26. Supplements to the Framework Recommendation Supplement C – Using Fiber Optic Cable to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Supplement D – Using Hybrid Satellites to set up a low cost sustainable telecommunications infrastructure for rural communications in developing countries Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 26

27. Looking forward ;) Contributions from Africa are required to ensure relevant deliverables of the work of Q14/5 We need more contributions on areas of systems requirement to cover different aspects of low-cost technologies requirements in rural areas Kampala, Uganda, 23 June 2014 4 27

28. Study Group 5 – Environment and Climate Change Working Party 3 – ICTs and Climate Change Question 15 - ICTs and adaptation to the effects of climate change ITU-T Study Group 5

29. Question 15/5 Main study area:  Studying how ICTs can be effective in enabling countries to better adapt to climate change;  Studying how the telecommunications infrastructure and associated ICT can be resilient to the effects of climate change;  Producing Recommendations;  Collecting, sharing and disseminating information and best practices. ICTs and adaptation to the effects of climate change

30. Question 15/5 Main Tasks:  Establishing requirements via questionnaires and analysis;  Seeking cooperation with various expert groups and Task forces;  Encouraging the sharing of use cases in ICT and climate change;  Encouraging ICT industry involvement in climate change adaptation. ICTs and adaptation to the effects of climate change

31.  Draft Recommendation ITU-T L.Cities_Adaptation - how ICTs can help cities to adapt to the effects of climate change  Draft Recommendation ITU-T L.Infrastructure_Adaptation - best practices for the adaptation of the ICT infrastructure to the impacts of climate change  Draft Supplement to ITU-T L.1500 series on effects and possible impact of climate change Deliverables under study Contributions are needed!

32.  New Recommendation ITU-T L.1500 - Framework for information and communication technologies (ICTs) and adaptation to the effects of climate change (Approved)  Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 - on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change  Recommendation ITU-T L.Infrastructure_Adaptation - on adapting the ICT infrastructure to the effects of climate change (under development)  Recommendation ITU-T L.Cities_Adaptation - on how ICTs can help cities to adapt to the effects of climate change (under development) Highlights on deliverables

33. The role of ICTs in adaptation to climate change  ICT can provide the basic access to information, capital and resources which can improve economic development and reduce vulnerabilities  ICTs can be used for each of the following steps  Observation (combining existing data in new ways)  Analysis and planning  Implementation and management  Capacity building  Networking  Monitoring and evaluation Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 Best practices on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change Highlights on deliverables

34. Framework for ICTs and climate change adaptation  ITU-T L.1501 provides the multi-level framework for ICTs integration in Climate Change adaptation for countries to integrate ICTs into their national climate change adaptation strategies Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 Best practices on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change Highlights on deliverables  Three main components of the framework:  Content : policy development  Structure : institutional arrangements  Design and implementation of coherent Process

35. Checklist of Indicators  To assist countries ensure that they meet the necessary requirements for the adoption and the implementation of the framework for ICTs and climate change adaptation  To assist countries ensure that they keep a record of the possible trends linked to climate change Recommendation ITU-T L.1501 Best practices on how countries can utilize ICTs to adapt to the effects of climate change Highlights on deliverables

36. Objective of the report:  To explore the impacts of climate change on the ICT sector and the potential for adaptation, while emphasizing the need for resilient pathways of action, enabling environments and new standards. Authors: Ospina, A.V., Faulkner, D., Dickerson, K., Bueti, C. Resilient Pathways: The Adaptation of the ICT Sector to Climate Change

37. Resilience: A relevant concept Ability of the ICT sector to withstand, recover, adapt, and potentially transform in the face of climate change impacts. Ospina and Heeks (2010) Resilient Pathways: The Adaptation of the ICT Sector to Climate Change An innovative approach: A changing climate will lead to a changing business environment. Recognizing the problem, identifying the risks, and responding with adaptation measures can help businesses minimize their risks and build resilience [to projected and unanticipated change]. Partnership for Resilience and Environmental Preparedness (PREP)

38. Resilient Pathways Framework Resilient Pathways: The Adaptation of the ICT Sector to Climate Change CLIMATE CHANGE Extreme events (short term) + Chronic trends (long term) ICT Sector Adaptation Resilience Attributes: Robustness, self-organization, learning, scale, rapidity, redundancy, flexibility and diversity IMPACTS ADAPTIVE ACTIONS Levels: International National Sectoral Local

39. Conclusions:  Adaptive practices: part of the “new normal” for business operations  Adaptive approaches: assessment of the potential risks and vulnerabilities, direct and indirect impacts of climate change, as well as mechanisms to tackle new business opportunities and new standards.  Adoption of resilient pathways: by going beyond generic contingency and risk management measures. Resilient Pathways: The Adaptation of the ICT Sector to Climate Change Integrating the attributes of resilience can help strengthen the sector’s approach to climate change adaptation by improving its ability to cope, adjust and potentially transform, and by enabling sector-wide strategies in the face of short-term shocks and long-term trends.

40. CONCLUSION OF THE HIGHLIGHTS THE THREE QUESTIONS HAVE A LOT OF RELEVANCE TO THE NEEDS OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES COUNTRIES ARE REALLY ENCOURAGED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE WORK OF STUDY GROUP 5 AND ESPECIALLY IN THE WORK OF QUESTION 13, 14, 15

41. Additional information  ITU-T/SG5 “Environment & Climate Change” Contact: ulanga@ucaf.go.tz itu.int/go/ITU-T/climate THANK YOU! tsbsg5@itu.int