1. Gases Chapter 10/11 Modern Chemistry
Sections 10.1,
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
Gases and Pressure
The Gas Laws
Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law
Chapter 8 Section 1 Describing Chemical Reactions p

2. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

3. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law
TEMP.
TEMP.
PRESSURE
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
VOLUME
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

4. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law
P & V relationship; n & T held constant
“The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.”
Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 369

5. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law
KMT Explanation Pressure is caused by gas particles colliding
with the container. If the volume is decreased, there are more particles per volume; so there are more collisions.
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

6. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law
PV = k k is a constant
P1 V1 = k
P2 V2 = k
P1 V1 = P2 V2 V1 V2 P1 P2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 370

7. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
PV= k Graph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 370

8. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law
Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

9. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Boyle’s Law Problem
A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of mL when its pressure is atm. What will the volume of the gas be at a pressure of atm if the temperature remains constant?
p. 370
mL O2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

10. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Practice Problems p. 370
A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1 atm.The balloon is released and reaches an altitude of 6.5 km, where the pressure is 0.5 atm. If the temperature has remained the same, what volume does the gas occupy at this height?
p. 370
mL He
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

11. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Charles’ Law
TEMP.
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
VOLUME
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

12. Kelvin Temperature Scale
Same size degrees as the Celcius scale
0 K = ° C
0 K = absolute zero
K = °C
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

13. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Charles’ Law
V & T relationship; n & P held constant
The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.”
Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

14. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Charles’ Law
KMT Explanation
At a higher temperature, the gas molecules move faster. They collide with the walls of the container with more frequency and with more force.
The volume of a flexible container will increase in order for the pressure to stay the same.
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

15. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Temperature & Volume
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

16. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Temperature & Volume
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

17. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Charles’ Law
V / T = k
k = a constant
V1 / T1 = k
V2 / T2 = k
V1 = V2
T1 = T2 V2 V1 T1 T2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 372

18. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
V/T = k Graph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 372

19. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Charles’ Law Problem
A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25°C. What volume will the gas occupy at 50°C if the pressure remains constant?
p. 372
mL Ne
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

20. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Practice Problems p. 372
A sample of neon gas has a volume of 752 mL at 25.0°C.What will the volume at 100.0°C be if pressure is constant?
A sample of nitrogen gas is contained in a piston with a freely moving cylinder. At 0.0°C, the volume of the gas is 375 mL.To what temperature must the gas be heated to occupy a volume of mL?
p. 372
mL °C
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

21. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Gay-Lussac’s Law
TEMP.
PRESSURE
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
VOLUME
VOLUME
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

22. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Gay-Lussac’s Law
P & T relationship; n & V held constant
“The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.”
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

23. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Gay-Lussac’s Law
KMT Explanation
Pressure is a result of collisions. If temperature is increased then the particles move faster with more force; and particles have more collisions. So pressure is increased.
Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

24. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Gay-Lussac’s Law
P / T = k
k = a constant
P1 / T1 = k
P2 / T2 = k
P1 = P2
T1 = T2 P2 P1 T1 T2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 373

25. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
P/T = k Graph
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. 373

26. Gay-Lussac’s Law Problem
The gas in a container is at a pressure of 3.00 atm at 25°C. Directions on the container warn the user not to keep it in a place where the temperature exceeds 52°C. What would the gas pressure in the container be at 52°C?
p. 373
atm
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

27. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Practice Problems p. 374
At 120.0°C, the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume?
At 122°C the pressure of a sample of nitrogen gas is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume?
p. 374
atm atm
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

28. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Practice Problems p. 374
A sample of helium gas has a pressure of 1.20 atm at 22°C. At what Celsius temperature will the helium reach a pressure of 2.00 atm, assuming constant volume?
p. 374
3. 219°C
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

29. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Combined Gas Law
TEMP.
PRESSURE
AMOUNT
AMOUNT
VOLUME
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

30. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Combined Gas Law
P, V and T relationship; n held constant
“The combined gas law expresses the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.” P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 = T 1 T 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

31. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Combined Gas Law
Boyle’s Law
Charles Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 = T 1 T 2
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

32. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
STP
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Standard Pressure
1.00 atm
760 mm Hg
kPa
Standard Temperature
273 K
0° C
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

33. Combined Gas Law Problems
A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 50.0 L at 25°C and 1.08 atm. What volume will it have at atm and 10.0°C?
p. 375
L He
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

34. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Practice Problems p. 375
The volume of a gas is 27.5 mL at 22.0°C and atm. What will the volume be at 15.0°C and atm?
A mL gas sample at STP compressed to a volume of
200.0 mL, and the temperature is increased to 30.0°C.What is the new pressure of the gas in Pa?
p. 375
mL × 105 Pa, or 394 kPa
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

35. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Ch 11 Sec 2 Homework
Page 375 # 1-6
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

36. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Title Image
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p
p. xx

37. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Emptying an Eggshell
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

38. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Drinking Bird
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p

39. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377
Egg in a Bottle
Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p