1. SS6G9 The student will discuss environmental issues in Europe. a. a. Explain the major concerns of Europeans regarding the issues such as acid rain in Germany, air pollution in the United Kingdom, and the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine.

2. Student will be able to: Explain the impact of acid rain, air pollution and the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster on the economies and population of Europe. Explain the impact of acid rain, air pollution and the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster on the economies and population of Europe.

3. EQ: What are some of the major environmental issues facing Europe today? EQ: What are some of the major environmental issues facing Europe today?  Great resources for more information: www.epa.gov www.epa.gov www.eea.europa.eu Air quality in Europe: www.airqualitynow.eu www.airqualitynow.eu

4. Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Facts) Solutions?

5. Acid Rain ________smoke or ________ exhaust containing _______ dioxide and ________ oxides go up into the atmosphere and come back down to earth in the form of harmful precipitation (_____, ____, etc.) ______ deposits also fall from the ____ when there is no precipitation. _______ deposits from _____ rain are _______through the air causing _____ rain in other _______ in ______ Kills ________ Pollutes _______ Other _______ ____________ _____________ Car __________ (_________ and particles which are put into the ______ by various sources. Kills _________ and other plants. Destroys ________ and monuments. Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Information) Solutions? ____________ emission (how much pollution can be let out in the air) ________________-renewable energy resource that uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity

6. Acid Rain: Caused by these…

7. Acid Rain: Results in this…

8. Important Info: Acid Rain in Germany What causes acid rain? Acid rain occurs when factories’ smoke or vehicles’ exhaust containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides go up into the atmosphere and come back down to earth in the form of harmful precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) Acid rain occurs when factories’ smoke or vehicles’ exhaust containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides go up into the atmosphere and come back down to earth in the form of harmful precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) Dry deposits also fall from the sky when there is no precipitation. Dry deposits also fall from the sky when there is no precipitation.

10. Event: Acid Rain in Germany Causes: Causes:  car emissions (gases and particles which are put into the air by various sources)  factories,  other air pollution Effects: Effects:  kills animals  pollutes water, kills forests and other plants  destroys buildings and monuments. Sulfur deposits from acid rain are carried through the air causing acid rain in other countries in Europe.

11. Germans afraid of this… Black Forest in Germany

12. …becoming this…

13. EQ: How do these major environmental issues effect the economies and population of Europe TODAY? Acid Rain Acid Rain  Damage to fish stocks and forests have great economic impact to local economy and international trade.  Damage to buildings resulting in money having to be spent to renovate. Closure of many factories resulting in loss wages. Closure of many factories resulting in loss wages. What can be done? What can be done? European Union members have agreed to the Kyoto Protocol, or reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses European Union members have agreed to the Kyoto Protocol, or reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses Find alternative energy sources Find alternative energy sources Conserve resources Conserve resources All of these “fixes” cost money!!

14. Example: Germany Until 1980’s, people did not believe that acid rain was a problem Until 1980’s, people did not believe that acid rain was a problem When people saw that forests were dying, they started to worry (Germans love their forests) When people saw that forests were dying, they started to worry (Germans love their forests) –Almost half of trees in forest were damaged Pollution in Germany was actually causing acid rain in other countries Pollution in Germany was actually causing acid rain in other countries Then Germans and others in Europe began pushing for emissions laws (how much pollution can be let out in the air) Then Germans and others in Europe began pushing for emissions laws (how much pollution can be let out in the air) Now Europe has very strong laws about this: very little pollution allowed Now Europe has very strong laws about this: very little pollution allowed Germans are using hydroelectricity to reduce acid rain. Germans are using hydroelectricity to reduce acid rain.

15. Solution: Acid Rain   stronger emissions laws (how much pollution can be let out in the air)   Hydroelectricity -renewable energy resource that uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity

16. Hydroelectricity: Human/Environmental Interaction: Depending on our environment.

17. Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Facts) Solutions?

18. Air Pollution Related to ______ rain. Air ________ rises into the air and returns as ______ rain in the form of _____________ or dry ______. ______ pollution is carried from the U.K. to other countries by _______currents resulting in acid rain in those countries. U.K. has very bad _____ pollution. Air pollution includes _______, _________, and ________ (a mixture of _________ and _________. Hurts _______ (burns the ______, _______, and _______ forcing senior _______ and ________ to stay indoors. Hurts _______ through _______ rain. Local __________ Vehicle _________ _______ burning in homes (Great _______ of 1952) sent _____ into the air, mixed with _____; creating smog Hurts ___________ Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Information) Solutions? Government _________ air quality. ________. _______ coals and using more __________. Newer cars produce less _______ and people drive les

19. Event: Air Pollution in the U.K. How are acid rain and air pollution related? Related to acid rain. Air pollution rises into the air and returns as acid rain in the form of precipitation or a “dry fall”. Air pollution is carried from the U.K. to other countries by air currents resulting in acid rain in those countries. The UK has very bad air pollution smog Air pollution includes smoke, dust, and smog (mixture of smoke and fog)

20. Event: Air Pollution in the United Kingdom Causes:  Coal-burning in homes (Great Smog of 1952) sending ash into the air, mixed with fog; creating smog  vehicle emissions.  Local factories Effects:  hurts plants through acid rain  Hurts atmosphere  Hurts humans (burns the lungs, nose and eyes forcing senior citizens and children to stay indoors)

21. EQ: How do these major environmental issues effect the economies and population of Europe TODAY? Air Pollution Air Pollution  Respiratory disease= greater healthcare costs.  Contribution to acid rain in the U.K.and other European countries.  Damage to fish stocks and forests have great economic impact to local economy and international trade.  Damage to buildings resulting in money having to be spent to renovate.  Closure of many factories resulting in loss wages.  Money has to be spent on improving public transportation to reduce number of vehicles on road therefore reducing emissions.

22. Solutions Air quality monitoring station Air quality monitoring station –European Union is pressuring them to improve this One major goal of the EU is to improve the environment and protect the earth One major goal of the EU is to improve the environment and protect the earth Cleaner coals by using more electricity. Cleaner coals by using more electricity. Newer cars produce less exhaust and people drive less. Newer cars produce less exhaust and people drive less. Government monitors air quality Government monitors air quality Air Quality Monitoring Station

23. EQ: How do these major environmental issues effect the economies and population of Europe TODAY? What can be done about air pollution? What can be done about air pollution? Use of cleaner fuels, emission controls and advanced engine technologies. Use of cleaner fuels, emission controls and advanced engine technologies.

24. Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Facts) Solutions?

25. Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster ______ Nuclear accident Estimates: up to _______ will die from ________ radiation. _________ had to be resettled. Radiation spread throughout other countries by air currents. _________ issues- high rates of _______, birth defects, ________ Land ___________ and contamination (Europe farmers) ________ with poorly trained workers. _________ reactor design ___________ government was not careful Economic impact on East and North _______ _________: radioactive particles stirred up by or resulting from a nuclear explosion and descending through the atmosphere Name: ____________________Date: _________Period: ______ TOC# ______ CausesEffects Event (Important Information) Solutions?

26. Event: Important Information: Chernobyl (Ukraine) April 26, 1986 Nuclear accident April 26, 1986 Nuclear accident –Estimates: up to 5,000 will die due to cancer from radiation –336,000 had to be resettled –Most areas now considered safe

27. Chernobyl

28. Chernobyl after the disaster…

29. Whole cities had to be abandoned due to radiation…

30. Before After Evacuation

31. Effects: Red Forest

32. The Pripyat Fun Fair was scheduled to begin May 1 st. The ferries wheel remains one of the most irradiated parts of Pripyat since the disaster, making it still dangerous today.

33. 400m away from the reactor: 0.623 rt/m2 Average radiation level of a Non-contaminated area: 0.010 rt/m2

34. Event: Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in Ukraine Cause: Cause:  communist government was not careful  defective reactor design that was operated with poorly trained workers.  defective reactor design that was operated with poorly trained workers. Effect: Nuclear accident at Chernobyl Effect: Nuclear accident at Chernobyl  Land evacuation and contamination (Europe farmers, )  Economic impact on East and North  Heath issues- high rates of cancer, birth defects, death  Nuclear Fallout- radioactive particles stirred up by or resulting from a nuclear explosion and descending through the atmosphere

35. Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster April 26, 1986 spread to surrounding countries by air currents. still effects people and land TODAY. worst in history. Event: Important Information: Chernobyl (Ukraine)

36. Chernobyl Disaster, cont. Most deaths were attributed to nuclear fallout which was more than 400 times more than the amount of nuclear fallout caused by the bomb over Hiroshima. Most deaths were attributed to nuclear fallout which was more than 400 times more than the amount of nuclear fallout caused by the bomb over Hiroshima. Evacuation and resettlement of over 360,000 people. Evacuation and resettlement of over 360,000 people. The Soviet Union tried to cover up the critical nature of the accident. Firefighters did not know that the fire they were fighting contained deadly amounts of radiation poison. Most of these men died within 3 months after the accident. The Soviet Union tried to cover up the critical nature of the accident. Firefighters did not know that the fire they were fighting contained deadly amounts of radiation poison. Most of these men died within 3 months after the accident. Event: Important Information: Chernobyl (Ukraine)

37. Chernobyl Disaster, cont. The residents of the city of Pripyat, where the reactor was located, were told that the evacuation would only be temporary. To this day there are still personal belongings in homes in the city. The residents of the city of Pripyat, where the reactor was located, were told that the evacuation would only be temporary. To this day there are still personal belongings in homes in the city. By December, 1986, a huge concrete dome had been constructed to entomb the reactor. By December, 1986, a huge concrete dome had been constructed to entomb the reactor. Event: Important Information: Chernobyl (Ukraine)

38. Buried the reactor Buried the reactor 25 years later: 25 years later: Solutions: Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in Ukraine

39. General Map of Chernobyl Fallout Throughout Europe Nuclear Fallout:

40. EQ: How do these major environmental issues effect the economies and population of Europe TODAY? Chernobyl Chernobyl People don’t really know how much damage was done. People don’t really know how much damage was done. Agriculture in other parts of Europe suffered. Agriculture in other parts of Europe suffered. Affected land useless in the Soviet Union. Affected land useless in the Soviet Union. Payments to victims Payments to victims Loss of jobs due to closed reactors Loss of jobs due to closed reactors High medical costs. High medical costs.

41. Journal Writing: Use Thinking Map Journal Writing: Use Thinking Map Choose one Environmental Concern Compose 1 paragraph that answers: 1. Where does it occur in Europe? 2. What are the causes? 3. What are the effects? 4. What is being done to solve the problem? 5. How well or poorly did the country solve the problem? Pay attention to: Grammar, Punctuation, Sentence structure! Less than 3 Complete sentences: 70% 3-5 Complete sentences: 85% 6-7 Complete sentences: 100%

42. 1. One of the main problems affecting the United Kingdom is… A.Acid Rain B.Air pollution C.Nuclear disasters 2. One of the major problems facing Germany is… A.Acid Rain B.Air Pollution C.Nuclear disasters

43. 3. One of the affects of Acid rain is… A.Sulfur deposits from acid rain are carried through the air causing acid rain in other countries in Europe B.wear away the waxy protective coating of leaves, damaging them and preventing them from being able to photosynthesize properly. C.All of the above D. None of the above 4. Why were other countries concerned about the Chernobyl disaster? A.Chernobyl was providing power to the entire world. B.Radioactive material from the plant fell on Europe. C.None of the above D.All of the above

44. 1. One of the main problems affecting the United Kingdom is… A.Acid Rain B.Air pollution C.Nuclear disasters 2. One of the major problems facing Germany is… A.Acid Rain B.Air Pollution C.Nuclear disasters 3. One of the affects of Acid rain is… A.Sulfur deposits from acid rain are carried through the air causing acid rain in other countries in Europe B.wear away the waxy protective coating of leaves, damaging them and preventing them from being able to photosynthesize properly. C.All of the above D. None of the above 4. Why were other countries concerned about the Chernobyl disaster? A.Chernobyl was providing power to the entire world. B.Radioactive material from the plant fell on Europe. C.None of the above D.All of the above