1. 7. Engaging the Community Communities of Practice, Observational domains and SBAs. Hiroyuki Muraoka (IPWG) GEO WORK PLAN SYMPOSIUM 2015 May 5-7, 2015, Geneva 1

2. Communities of Practice EO communities Institutes, POs, In-situ observation networks, etc. Citizen science User(s) Communities Stakeholders IGOS process GEOSS for sound decision making Citizens 2

3. Global Societal Challenges Role of Communities of Practice Societal Benefit Areas Earth Observations GEOSS 3 CoP as the engine of GEOSS and its functions

4. Societal Benefit Areas Earth Observation Domains … IPWG received numbers of questions and comments “GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025: Implementing GEOSS” ver.1 Needs further discussions on SBAs and EO Domains EO Domains and strategies to be refined considering the requirements Cross-cutting issues should be clarified New SBAs (Application-oriented SBAs) should be linked with Global Societal Challenges  GEO Stakeholder engagement symposium (May 24, Tokyo)  “GEO SP 2016-2025” ver.2 (IPWG meeting in May 25-26, Tokyo)  Final version of “GEO SP 2016-2025” (IPWG meeting in Sep.) 4 Earth Observation needs and Application-oriented SBAs to be discussed by Communities

5. Methods:Satellite, Airborne, In-situ (sensors/manual) Fields:Land, Freshwater, Oceans, … Themes:Climate, Carbon, Water, Disaster, Food production, Biodiversity, … Global Societal Challenges [SDGs, Sendai Framework for DRR, Climate change mitigation (UNFCCC COP21), …] Global Societal Challenges [SDGs, Sendai Framework for DRR, Climate change mitigation (UNFCCC COP21), …] Application-oriented SBAs for sound decision making Application-oriented SBAs for sound decision making Shared Objectives Shared Objectives Key Contributions of GEOSS Earth Observation Domains GEOSS 5 Revisiting Earth Observation Domains and SBAs for Global Societal Challenges

6. Earth Observation Domains (examples) Themes, Space and Time scales of observations Where, What, When, How and by Whom the observations to be strengthened / newly established over the world? What are the cross-cutting issues, and How do we measure/evaluate them? Discussions for Earth Observation Domains in GEOSS Atmosphere Land (Lowland) (Mountain) Freshwater (Lake) (River) Coast Ocean Arctic etc. Climate Weather Carbon Water Energy Biodiversity Land-use and change Foods (agriculture and fishery) Disaster Disturbance etc. Observation Fields Observation Themes GEOSS Data Knowledge Information Sound decision making 6

7. Example of exercise in Japan : Biodiversity and Ecosystems Biodiversity – Ecosystem services – Climate change adaptation (Primary production; Carbon, Water, Nutrient cycles; Eco-DRR, …) Concept of J-BON/AP-BON… Multi-disciplinary obs. Satellite Ecology Initiative 7

8. Achievements Establishment of biodiversity observation plots based on GEO BON and regional BONs, for investigating the status and changes of biodiversity at genetic, species and ecosystem scales. Efforts made to link satellite, airborne and in-situ observations, and modeling. Observations of biodiversity are tightly coupled with ecosystem types; terrestrial, freshwater, marine. Collaborations with institutions and networks (DIVERSITAS, EBONE, GBIF, ILTER, IUCN, NASA, UNEP, USGS, CBD, etc.) Intensive observations, ecosystem service evaluation and capacity building in developmental countries (AP-BON). Detections of “Hotspots” and changes of biodiversity due to human activities and environmental changes. To gain operational biodiversity indicators: “Essential Biodiversity Variables” （ Pereira et al. 2013 ， Science ）. Reviewing Earth observation for Biodiversity monitoring for Aichi Biodiversity Targets (with CBD). Expected key outcomes GEOSS 2005-2015 4.1.9 Biodiversity: Understanding, monitoring and conserving biodiversity Issues in this area include the condition and extent of ecosystems, distribution and status of species, and genetic diversity in key populations. Implementing GEOSS will unify many disparate biodiversity-observing systems and create a platform to integrate biodiversity data with other types of information. Taxonomic and spatial gaps will be filled, and the pace of information collection and dissemination will be increased. Exercise in Japan (J-BON, MEXT, MoE) Needs further discussions by the communities Targets: Biodiversity (and Ecosystems) Steps 1 & 2 Example processes for refining observation strategy and SBAs Step 1: Re-visiting the GEOSS 10-Year IP (2005-2015) and “Strategic Targets” for SBAs Step 2: Reviewing the achievements Step 3: Defining further challenges and requirements Step 4: Defining contributions of GEOSS Global Societal Challenges for Sustainable Development Refining SBAs 8

9. Targets: Biodiversity (and Ecosystems) Challenges and further requirements Enhancement of biodiversity observation super-sites: Increasing number of sites (plots) is required particularly in developmental countries, national parks, protected areas, and human-active areas. Mountains, freshwater, arctic and ocean are also to be focused intensively as they are vulnerable to climate change. The observations should be linked with ecosystem types and their functions and services (carbon sequestration, water cycle, resource supply, agriculture, etc.), and should be coupled with meteorological observations and remote sensing. [“Biodiversity Observation Super- Sites 3000” (BOSS 3000)] Capacity building and communications in developed and developing countries for deeper understanding and co- working for biodiversity conservation. Prediction of changes and scenario analysis for ecosystem services by combining biodiversity data, climate change, human activity and economy. Planning and implementing conservation strategy of biodiversity and ecosystems, for sustainable use of natural resources and persistence of sound environments. Progress in analyses of biodiversity-related area for human well-being: ecosystem functions, agriculture, disease. Observations / evaluations on the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystems to disturbance, disaster and climate change. Collaborative works towards “Aichi Biodiversity Targets” for sustainable use of natural resources, by leading biodiversity and ecosystem observations and providing data and knowledge. Engagement of and co-design with citizen observations for detecting local changes in biodiversity and for spreading the understanding and knowledge on biodiversity. Expected role of GEOSS 2016-2025 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability: Deeper and broader understandings, multiple and interdisciplinary observations, and conservation of biodiversity, by science-society partnerships. Human well-beings are challenged to realize resilient societies by sustainable use of natural resources and conserving sound environments. Further progress and implementing GEOSS will enable us to bridge multiple observation data and knowledge to understand and detect current status and changes of biodiversity and ecosystems under climate change and human impacts, in order to clarify and predict their services and risks of our today and future environments in nations, regions and globe. GEOSS will be a platform for communications among Earth observation communities, stakeholders and citizens over the world for the progress of biodiversity conservation to sustain the Earth system. Steps 3 & 4 9 Exercise in Japan (J-BON, MEXT, MoE) Needs further discussions by the communities

10. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability To secure our sustainable use and conservation of ecosystem resources and sound environments under climate change and human impacts at national, regional and global levels, by promoting deeper and broader understandings of biodiversity and ecosystems and their services, with enhanced science-society partnerships. The challenges promote our vision of “Living in harmony with nature”. GEOSS bridges multiple observation data and knowledge, and be a platform for science-society collaborations, to understand and detect current status and changes of biodiversity and ecosystems under climate change and human impacts, in order to clarify and predict their services and risks of our today and future environments. Enhancement of biodiversity & ecosystem (+ climate) observation super-sites, particularly in developmental countries, national parks, protected areas, and human-active areas, and places vulnerable to climate change [Biodiversity Observation Super-Sites]. Land-use is of particular environmental changes. Supports in achieving “Aichi Biodiversity Targets” (CBD) by promoting integration of various data from satellite to citizen science. Interdisciplinary understandings and evaluations on the resilience of biodiversity and ecosystems to disturbance, disaster and climate change (Eco-DRR), under current and future environmental and societal conditions in nations, regions and Earth. Prediction of changes and scenario analysis for ecosystem services by combining biodiversity data, climate change, human activity and economy. (Contribution to IPBES) Capacity building and communications in developed and developing countries for deeper understanding and co-working for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. (draft idea) (Note: still needs further discussions by the communities) Shared targets Key contributions of GEOSS Sustainable Development Goals Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Convention on Biological Diversity, ‘Aichi Biodiversity Targets’ Sustainable Development Goals Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Convention on Biological Diversity, ‘Aichi Biodiversity Targets’ 10 We made similar exercises for, Climate (carbon) Water Disaster Food Production (Agriculture) Ocean

11. (draft idea from Japan) (Note: still needs further discussions by the communities) 11 cross- cutting

12. “Goals to be shared for Global Societal Challenges” by Earth Observations and Sound Decision Making “Societal Benefit Areas” over the next decade “Cross-cutting issues” to be considered “Shared Objectives” by the world “Key Contributions of GEOSS” “Earth Observation Domains” and “GEOSS” Scales of Space, Time and Themes, and their integration for knowledge extraction 12 “Community of Practice” Engine of GEOSS Mechanism of Collaborations

13. For Reference and Discussions

14. April 22, 2015  The Permanent Mission of Denmark to the United Nations  UN Initiative on Global Geospatial Information Management  Group on Earth Observation Unleashing the power of the “Where” to make the world a better place: How geographic information contributes to achieving the SDGs” 5

15. From “Interim Report of the IPWG: Towards the 10 Year Implementation Plan 2016-2025” (July 2014) The role of GEOSS towards sustainable development and human security

16. Adaptation and Mitigation to Climate Change Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sustainability City Planning and Urban Resilience Disaster Resilience Energy Management Food Security and Sustainable Food Production Global Water Cycle and Integrated Water Resources Management Health Surveillance Draft idea for Application-oriented SBAs Earth Observation Domains Global Societal Challenges GEOSS

19. Discussions to connect Earth Observation and SBAs, by Communities Societal Benefit Areas Objectives to be shared Contributions of GEOSS Cross-cuttings Inter-operability Gap filling Link with citizen science... etc. Societal Benefit Areas Objectives to be shared Contributions of GEOSS Cross-cuttings Inter-operability Gap filling Link with citizen science... etc.  Re-visiting the strategic targets of GEOSS 10-Year IP (2005-2015)  Reviewing the achievements and lessons learnt in the last 10 years  Defining the new challenges and further requirements in the next decade (2016-2025)  Defining the expected role of GEOSS in 2016-2025 Global Societal Challenges (hunger, poverty, disease, disasters and environment, etc.) for Sustainable Development