1. Media Globalization Globalization & Global Media Corporations

2. Globalization & the Media Introduction  Globalization … denotes the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of transcontinental flows and patterns of social interaction. It refers to a shift or transformation in the scale of human organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across the world’s regions and continents. (Held & McGrew, 2002)

3. Introducing Globalization Internationalization of production, trade and finance International movement of people International communication flows The global circulation of ideas Establishment of international regimes in intellectual property Local resistance to globalization International organizations Emergence of cultural, professional and standard bodies Role of global NGO’s Significance of international law Globalization of War and conflict Shaping of international opinions by governments

4. Global Capitalism indicators Cross-border transactions, deeper, extensive & inter-connected Resources, capabilities, goods & services more spatially mobile MNC’s more central to wealth creation & distribution in a wide range of countries Greater volatility in global capital & financial markets ICT’s transformed nature of cross-border transactions especially services

5. Worlds Largest Media Corporations Global RankCompanyCountry 2General ElectricU.S 3MicrosoftU.S 73Time WarnerU.S 110ComcastU.S 120News CorporationU.S 121Walt DisneyU.S 143SonyJapan 163Vivendi UniversalFrance

6. Critical Political Economy & Global Media Questioned U.S foremost in dominating the information & entertainment industry Concentration of media ownership Reduced competition, homogenous media content Shift in balance of national political power Reinforcement of economic and cultural dependency Media monopoly thesis justified?

7. Media Globalization Arguments Robert Mc Chesney Few eras in history have approached this one for tumult and rapidity of change, and key hallmarks of the era have been the spread of an increasingly unfettered global capitalism, a global commercial media and communication system, and the development of revolutionary communication technologies. For the short and medium term we expect both the global market and global commercial media to strengthen their positions worldwide. (Herman & Mc Chesney, 1997)

8. Global Media Protagonists: The NIDL Thesis ▫De-industrialization of West- stagnation of capital ▫Partial industrialization of Third World - new opportunities for western corporations The NICL Thesis ▫Distribution of labor & production by Hollywood ▫Lower costs and disciplining of cultural labor & state

9. Questioning Media Globalization Benjamin Compaine ▫Shares of top US media companies revenues over 1986-1999 comparable ▫More competition in broadcast media ▫Internet – added competition ▫Conglomeration versus risk taking and losses ▫Empirical facts on global businesses inflated ▫Globalization of media result of M&A ▫Developing states offering themselves to businesses ▫Only one global media corporation - News Corp.

10. Transnationality Index of Global Media Corporations 2005 CorporationTNIRevenues earnedRevenues earned in North Americaoutside NA Time Warner-7921 Disney18.577.522.5 News Corporation325644 Viacom107822

11. New Theories of Globalization Alliance Capitalism Flow-based production model Territorialized economic development Hybridization of media product

12. Q. Has the Pakistani media industry experienced the process of Globalization. Yes or no? Give sound reasons for your arguments.