1. Updates on the status of satellite datasets and resources for AQ managers Bryan Duncan, Lok Lamsal, Yasuko Yoshida + many others NASA Goddard Space Flight Center AQAST9, June 2-4, 2015; SLU, St. Louis

2. Spatial Coverage is the Primary Advantage of Satellite Data OMI NO 2

3. % Difference in OMI NO 2 : 2005 - 2014 20-40% decrease over US

4. OMI HCHO/NO 2 : A Proxy for Ozone Formation Sensitivity VOC-limitedNO x limited transition Duncan et al. [2010] Isoprene → HCHO Emissions are T-dependent Urban areas becoming less VOC-limited : more NO x limited. 2005 2013

5. Some New & Improved Satellite Data Products for AQ Applications

6. Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) megacity measurements help quantify urban pollution production, transformation & export Since Jan 2013, TES has used its unique targeting capabilities to measure a suite of pollutants in 19 of the world’s megacities, including Mexico City Surface O 3 Monitors Wind flow out of MC basin Chemical Transformation: Downwind, TES data show that most trace gases are diluted in the plume, but formic acid concentrations are higher than in the city, which may indicate secondary production from organic aerosol Export Potential: PAN drives ozone production far from source regions, so the large PAN concentrations suggest that Mexico City pollution has larger- scale impacts Megacity Pollution: The jointly retrieved TES/OMI near-surface ozone product shows very high ozone (~120 ppb) in Mexico City on a day with stable, stagnant air in the boundary layer. TES carbon monoxide, methanol, & formic acid (ozone precursors) are also elevated, as is the nitrogen reservoir peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) Surface O 3 Monitors Wind flow out of MC basin Mexico City Downwind Plume TES/OMI 0-3 km Ozone Mexico City Downwind Plume Jessica Neu (Jessica.L.Neu@jpl.nasa.gov) & Kevin Bowman (kevin.w.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov) Los Angeles, New York City, Houston

7. Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) megacity measurements identify large biomass burning contribution to urban pollution Mexico City: April-May Biomass burning on the Yucatan Peninsula Lagos: December-March Biomass burning in Central Africa The suite of TES observations allows quantification of the impact of seasonal biomass burning pollution on the already poor air quality of the world’s megacities. TES megacity measurements show peak ozone levels during biomass burning season in Mexico City, Mexico and Lagos, Nigeria. Concomitant biomass burning products (TES carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, ammonia) and smoke (from MODIS aerosol optical depth) suggest that nearby fires contribute significantly to urban ozone. Lagos carbon monoxide, formic acid, and ammonia have higher peak values than Mexico City, but ozone is lower. These differences in chemical regime are being investigated. Methanol and formic acid are more variable in Lagos than Mexico City, likely due to large sources of volatile organic compounds associated with oil and gas extraction in the region (Marais et al., 2014). Jessica Neu (Jessica.L.Neu@jpl.nasa.gov) & Kevin Bowman (kevin.w.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov)

8. AIRS Ammonia (NH 3 ) Data Product (2002 - 2014) Average Ammonia (ppbv; 2002-2014) @ 918 mb ppbv Juying Warner (U. Maryland)

9. Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO 2, SO 2, & HCHO data OMI detects pollution in the free troposphere & boundary layer; footprint = 5-9 square miles. CEMS The AQS surface sites only detect “nose-level” concentrations. Plume rise

10. OMI SO 2 : New Data Product Release: Based on New PCA Technique Li et al. (2013), A fast and sensitive new satellite SO 2 retrieval algorithm based on principal component analysis: Application to the ozone monitoring instrument, Geophys. Res.Lett., 40, 1-5, doi:10.1002/2013GL058134. Fioletov et al. (2015), “Lifetimes and emissions of SO 2 from point sources estimated from OMI”, Geophys. Res.Lett, doi : 10.1002/2015GL063148. A) Old Algorithm B) New Algorithm C) B)+better account of satellite geometry, clouds, etc. Daily!

11. Formaldehyde: An Improved Data Product & a New One Improved: OMI HCHO: González Abad, (2015), Updated Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Monitoring Instrument (SAO OMI) formaldehyde retrieval, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 19-32, doi:10.5194/amt-8-19-2015. New: OMPS HCHO: Li, C, J. Joiner, N. A. Krotkov, and L. Dunlap (2015), A new method for global retrievals of HCHO total columns from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Ozone Monitoring and Profiler Suite, Geophys. Res. Lett., accepted.

12. First demonstration of formaldehyde (HCHO) retrieval with Suomi NPP OMPS Can Li, Joanna Joiner, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Laura Dunlap Code 614, NASA/GSFC and University of Maryland HCHO retrievals provide insights into the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to smog and haze. While HCHO was not an anticipated OMPS product, a new principal component analysis technique produces retrievals of comparable quality to those from other sensors which allows for the continuation of a long-term record started by the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI).

13. OMI NO 2 : Year-specific a priori NO 2 profiles from a high- resolution model simulation better capture huge US NO 2 reduction Lok N. Lamsal, Bryan N. Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Kenneth E. Pickering, David G Streets, Zifeng Lu, U.S. NO 2 trends (2005–2013): EPA Air Quality System (AQS) data versus improved observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Atmos. Env., 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.055, 2015.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.055 % OMI NO 2 Reduction (2010-2005)

14. Current operational SCD from KNMI is biased high (25-40%). Affects both KNMI and NASA products, primarily stratospheric NO 2. KNMI modified their SCD retrieval algorithm to address this. NASA team developed its own algorithm. NASA SCD retrievals compare well with independent retrieval from Bremen, has less stripes, and smaller errors. S. Marchenko, N.A. Krotkov, L.N. Lamsal, E.A. Celarier, W.H. Swartz, E.J. Bucsela, Revising the slant- column density retrieval of nitrogen dioxide observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 2015 (In Press). OMI NO 2 : High bias addressed

15. A New OMI NO 2 Website for AQ Managers *This work was done as part of David Streets’ Tiger Team: “Relationships and trends among satellite NO 2 columns, NO x emissions, and air quality in North America” *Thanks to Susannah Pearce, web developer!

20. Downloaded, pre-made plots of US cities: St. Louis as an example

21. Ready-made plots are available for download (examples) Metropolitan Areas Power Plants

22. Two Important & Free NASA Resources 1) Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST; aqast.org) Goal: to serve the needs of US air quality management through the use of Earth Science satellite data, suborbital data, and models. 2) Applied Remote SEnsing Training (ARSET; arset.gsfc.nasa.gov) Goal: to increase the utility of NASA earth science and model data for policy makers, regulatory agencies, and other applied science professionals in the areas of Health and Air Quality, Water Resources, Eco Forecasting, and Disaster Management.

23. Two AQAST Review Articles Satellite Data of Atmospheric Pollution for U.S. Air Quality Applications: Examples of Applications, Summary of Data End-User Resources, Answers to FAQs, and Common Mistakes to Avoid Duncan et al., Atmospheric Environment, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.061, 2014. → This article is “open access” so it’s free to download! Emissions Estimation from Satellite Retrievals: A Review of Current Capability Streets et al., Atmos. Environ., doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.051, 2013.

24. How do trends and variations in AQS NO 2 & CEMS NO x relate to OMI NO 2 ? OMI NO 2 & AQS data Lamsal, L., B. Duncan, Y. Yoshida et al., U.S. NO 2 variations and trends (2005-2013) estimated from an improved Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric column data product mirror those estimated from AQS surface observations, doi: 10.1016/ j.atmosenv.2015.03.055, Atmos. Environ., 2015. OMI NO 2 & CEMS data Duncan, B., Y. Yoshida, B. de Foy, L. Lamsal, D. Streets, Z. Lu, K. Pickering, and N. Krotkov, The observed response of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO 2 columns to NO x emission controls on power plants in the United States: 2005-2011, Atmos. Environ., 81, p. 102-111, doi:10.1016/jatmosenv.2013.08.068, 2013. → These articles are “open access” so they are free to download!