Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byPhilip Henry Modified over 9 years ago
4
Thrombus (stationary clot) occludes a branch of the central retinal vein Blockage causes bleeding from that branch Concerned about neovascularization afterward (due to ischemia)
5
Like a branch retinal vein occlusion, but the whole central retinal vein is occluded Bleeding all over retina
6
Embolus (traveling clot) occludes a branch of the central retinal artery
7
Like BRAO, but the whole central retinal artery is occluded Ischemia of entire retina Macula is spared due to its dual blood supply (choroid)
8
Biggest risk factor = number of years with diabetes Caused by damage to retinal capillaries Non-proliferative DR = ischemia, hemorrhages, but no neovascularization Proliferative DR = neovascularization
9
Bilateral, asymmetric Narrowing of arterioles A/V nicking (vein presses on artery) Ischemia Swelling of optic nerve head Macular star (exudates)
10
Focal dilation of retinal artery Causes hemorrhage when aneurysm ruptures
11
Ischemia (cotton wool spots) Retinal hemorrhages Asymptomatic Not infectious
12
Looks like HIV retinopathy Caused by use of interferon (usually for hepatitis)
13
Bilateral IV drug use Deposits near macula May occlude capillaries and cause ischemia
14
Babies born <36 weeks Nasal vessels form first, young ROP patients don’t have temporal vessels formed Neovascularization can occur due to ischemia
15
#1 intraocular malignancy in children Tumor of developing retinal cells Leukocoria
16
Benign Non-progressive
17
Present at birth Non-progressive (usually) May progress to melanoma Use red-free filter (green light) to distinguish from CHRPE
18
Dry ARMDWet ARMD
19
Central serous choroidopathy (CSR) Histoplasmosis Pathological myopia Epiretinal membrane (ERM) / Macular pucker Macular hole Albinism
20
Plasma underneath the macula Young men, high stress May significantly reduce VA Usually improve without treatment
21
“Histo belt” (Ohio- Mississippi River Valley) Fungus infection Atrophy of optic nerve Lesions in peripheral retina Maculopathy with possible neovascularization Clear vitreous
22
Rx >6D OR Axial length >26mm Problems come from the eye stretching to large size #1: Posterior staphyloma = posterior retinal thinning/bulging
23
Posterior vitreous detachment (vitreous detaches from retina) pulls on retina, detaches, and leaves glial cells behind Shiny membrane (cellophane)
24
Hole caused by vitreous pulling on retina Round red spot Significantly reduces VA if full- thickness hole
25
Melanin not produced properly Oculocutaneous (skin + eyes) Cutaneous (skin only) VA reduced by foveal hypoplasia (lack of development of fovea) Photophobia
26
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) Stargardt’s disease Choroideremia Cone Dystrophy Best’s Disease (vitelliform dystrophy) Gyrate atrophy Lattice Degeneration
27
#1 retinal dystrophy Loss of function of photoreceptors & RPE Nigh blindness, peripheral vision loss Triad of signs: Bone-spicule pigmentation Arteriolar attenuation Waxy pallor of optic disc
28
#1 hereditary macular dystrophy Autosomal recessive “Beaten bronze” macula in late stages Reduction of VA & color vision
29
X-linked recessive Atrophy of the RPE & choriocapillaris See through to sclera Night blindness, peripheral vision loss
30
Young patients Usually autosomal dominant Loss of cone photoreceptors Decreased VA, photophobia, color vision loss Geographic atrophy of RPE, vessel attenuation, optic nerve pallor
31
Autosomal dominant Material accumulates in RPE (“egg yolk”) No symptoms early on, later reduced VA Bilateral
32
Retinal detachment caused by a hole or tear Vitreous fluid gets into subretinal space and retina detaches
33
Exudative RDs Damage to RPE causes fluid accumulation below the retina detachment Ex: ARMD RD caused by traction Ex: proliferative retinopathy (neovascularization) Tractional RDs
34
Peripheral retinal thinning Sometimes pigmented Firmly adhere to vitreous can cause retinal detachment if vitreous starts to pull away Bilateral
35
Age-related Degenerative Retinoschisis Toxocariasis
36
Splitting of retina between the outer plexiform layer & inner nuclear layer Looks like a retinal detachment, but doesn’t move No symptoms Visual field defect
37
Intestinal nematode Unilateral inflammation Chorioretinal scars
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.