2. Engineering Applications of Control Volume-1 P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department True Innovations for Extrasomatism…..

3. First Law for A Control Volume Conservation of mass: Conservation of energy: Conservation of momentum:

4. Thermodynamic Domain of CVs Steady State Steady Flow Systems –CV, inflows and outflows are invariant. –CV is inhomogeneous. –Rate of work transfer is invariant. –Rate of heat transfer is invariant. –The Methalpy of CV is constant. Uniform State Uniform Flow Systems –CV is variant but homogenous. –Inflows and outflows are variant and homogeneous. –Rates of work transfer and heat transfer are variant.

5. First Law for CV:Steady State Steady Flow Conservation of mass: Conservation of energy: Properties of CV are Invariant: No accumulation or depletion of mass of a CV. No addition or removal of energy for a CV. An Uninterrupted service for Extra-somatism!!!

6. Real Engineering Control Volume : SSSF SSSF: Conservation of mass First Law :

7. Development of Exotic Devices using Simple CVs Compact Devices for carrying Weapons……

8. Land Based Missiles

9. Sea Based Missiles

10. Air Launched Missiles

11. UFO Logistics Is It Really Possible That The Ancient Indians Had The Capacity To Deploy Devastating Nuclear Weapons Against Their Enemies? Moreover, Is It Really Possible ? As Many Ufologists Claim, that Awesomely Powerful Nuclear Weapons Were Actually Given To The Ancient Indian Warriors By Extra-tererstrials, Highly Advanced Spacemen From Other Planets? Well, Passages From Ancient Indian National Epics Certainly Appear To Be Evidence Of Such Astonishing Claims…. http://Www.Ufoevidence.Org/Documents/Doc1937.Htm

12. “The heavens cried out, the earth bellowed an answer, lightening flashed forth, fire flamed upwards, it rained down death. The brightness vanished, the fire was extinguished. Everyone who was struck by the lightening was turned to ashes”. According To The Evidence And again from the same source: “It was a ghastly sight to see. The corpses of the fallen were so mutilated they no longer looked like human beings. Never before have we seen such an awful weapon, and never before have we heard of such a weapon”.

13. The Ancient Technique : Ramjets Only three operating components: –intake (diffuser); –burner (combustion chamber); –nozzle. Typical Ramjet Schematic

14. 13 Ramjets - Basic Operating Features & Sub CVs Air decelerated in intake (diffuser) and pressure rises due to ram effect. Known as ram pressure and significant at supersonic speeds. A ramjet therefore needs neither a compressor nor a turbine, simplifying the design and reducing the cost. Greatest disadvantage is that it has to be accelerated up to typically M = 2.0 before it produces any useful thrust. Also complicated supersonic intake required to avoid shock losses - could be nose, side or ventral mounted.

15. 14 Some Indian Missiles MissileLaunch Mass (t) PropellantRange (km) Deployed Agni-I 121 stage Solid8501989 Agni - II 162.5 stage solid3,500 2004 Agni - III 502 stage solid5,500 Prithvi-I 4.4single stage liquid 1501988 Prithvi-II 14Single stage liquid 2501996 Prithvi-III 59Single stage solid 6002004

17. Ideal Thermodynamic Cycle of A Simple Missile

18. Sources for Microscopic Energy

19. Nozzles and Diffusers First Laws for CV in SSSF Mode: No heat transfer : Adiabatic devices and No work transfer : rigid device.

20. Internal to external Kinetic Energy Conversion

21. Combined analysis of conservation of mass and first law A SSSF of gas through variable area duct can interchange the enthalpy and kinetic energy as per above equation. Consider gas as an ideal and calorically perfect.

22. Steam Power Plant: A series of CVs in SSSF

23. Ideal Thermodynamic Cycle of A Simple Steam Power Plant

24. List of CVs Main components of the above cycle are: 1) Pump – Generate high Pressure water. 2) Boiler (steam generator) – heat exchanger 3) Turbine – generates mechanical power 4) Condenser – heat exchanger Others components include: –nozzles, diffusers, throttling devices Each one these CVs carryout a specific process continuously at almost SSSF. However, The plant operates in a Cycle.

25. Pump : Adiabatic Process SSSF: Conservation of mass First Law : No heat transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible  

26. In case of single inlet and exit: For SSSF Process: Liquids are incompressible, change in volume per unit change in Pressure is negligible.