1. Top Quark Pair Production Cross Section with the ATLAS Detector A. Bangert, S. Bethke, N. Ghodbane, T. Goettfert, R. Haertel, S. Kluth, A. Macchiolo, R. Nisius, S. Pataraia February 3 rd 2008, conference of the German Physical Society, Freiburg Max Planck Institute of Physics, Munich

2. 2 Introduction Measurement of pair production cross section In the semileptonic channel Using first 100 pb -1 of data from ATLAS in 2008 Overview Event selection Selection efficiencies W+N jets QCD multijets Summary

3. 3 Estimate background rates QCD multijets Electroweak W+N jet production Single top production Estimate ε tt Using Monte Carlo samples Luminosity: Relative luminosity measured by LUCID Absolute calibration from LHC machine parameters Relative uncertainty δL ~ 20% to 30% expected during initial data-taking Cross Section Measurement

4. 4 Event Selection  Commissioning Analysis Cuts  Exactly one e or μ  Central  Isolated  Highly energetic  At least four jets  Central  Highly energetic  No b-tagging  MET > 20 GeV  Before cuts S/B = 0.16  After cuts S/B = 1.56

5. 5 Selection Efficiencies  Small selection efficiencies:  dileptonic ttbar  hadronic ttbar  single top  W→τv plus partons  Large selection efficiencies:  W→ev plus 5 partons  W→μv plus 4 or 5 partons Statistical uncertainty on ε is quite small. A first estimate of δε due to uncertainty on Jet Energy Scale was performed by varying cuts on jet p T by 5%.

6. 6 W+N Jets Background Systematic Uncertainty on σ (W + )+Njets CERN-PH-TH/2007-066 Selection efficiencies for events with 4 or 5 partons are large. Uncertainty on σ W+Njets is large. Uncertainty on N expected will be large. Effective cuts are needed to reduce background rate. Most dangerous background. N expected = σ W+Njets ε W+Njets ∫L dt

7. 7 W+N Jets ProcessAlpgen cross section [pb] Relative uncertainty assigned to σ N exp, low estimate N exp, central value N exp, high estimate W+2 partons203220%425363 W+3 partons77130%190271352 W+4 partons27340%4657751085 W+5 partons9150%4008001200 Number of selected W + N jet events expected in ∫L dt = 100 pb -1. Low and high estimates of W+N jets contribution in ∫L dt = 100 pb -1.

8. 8  Reducible BG.  MET is due to  b→Wc→lνc  Mismeasurement  Leptons are  Non-prompt  ‘Fake’  Fake Rate  R~10 -5 (ATLAS TDR)  R = R(p T, η)  Difficult to model QCD multijet background adequately using Monte Carlo samples, detector simulation.  Contribution will be measured from data. Hard cuts placed only on jet quantities. No cuts on lepton quantities. MET Electron Isolation QCD Multijet Background Distributions normalized to contain 10,000 events. Distributions normalized to contain 10,000 events ∆R = 0.2

9. 9 Summary and Outlook  Measurement of σ tt  In semileptonic channel  Using 100 pb -1 of first data  Selection efficiencies  Background rates We are looking forward to the day the LHC comes online. Invariant Mass of t→Wb→jjb

10. 10 Backup Slides

11. 11 Measuring Absolute Luminosity  Measure rate of process with large, well-known cross section.  R = L σ  More easily applicable to e + e - colliders than to hadron colliders.  Example: QED Babha scattering.  Calculate luminosity using beam parameters.  L = F f ΣN 1 N 2 / 4πσ x *σ y *  Beam revolution frequency is f = 11 kHz.  F = 0.9 accounts for nonzero crossing angle.  N 1 and N 2 are the number of protons in colliding bunches.  Caveat: bunch currents will not be very uniform.  σ x * and σ y * are transverse bunch widths at interaction point.  Caveat: beam profile measurements are necessary.  Typical precision is 5% - 10%.  Use the optical theorem.  Measure total rate of pp interactions R total.  Measure rate of forward elastic scattering dR elastic /dt | t=0.  L dR elastic /dt | t=0 = R total 2 (1 + ρ 2 ) / 16 π  Protons scatter with very small momentum transfer t.  ρ is ratio of real to imaginary part of elastic forward amplitude.  Typical precision is 5% - 10%

12. 12 Samples  Semileptonic and dileptonic ttbar events:  MC@NLO and Herwig.  Sample 5200, TID 8037.  no 1mm bug; bug in e isolation.  Filter requires prompt lepton, σ*f = 461 pb.  Hadronic ttbar events:  MC@NLO and Herwig.  Sample 5204, TID 6015.  1mm bug.  Filter forbids prompt lepton, σ*f = 369 pb.  Single top samples:  AcerMC and Pythia.  Wt Production: sample 5500, TID 6958.  σ*f = 25.5 pb, W→lv plus W→jj  s channel: sample 5501, TID 6959.  σ*f = 2.3 pb, filter requires W→lv.  t channel: sample 5502, TID 6960.  σ*f = 81.5 pb, filter requires W→lv.  1 mm bug.

13. 13 Samples  W+Njets events  Alpgen and Herwig.  Samples 8240-8250  No 1 mm bug.  Filter requires 3 jets  p T >30 GeV, |eta|<5.  QCD multijet events  Alpgen and Herwig.  Samples 5061, 5062, 5063, 5064.  σ*f=21188 pb, σ*f=53283 pb, σ*f=9904 pb, σ*f=6436 pb.  Generated in 11.0.42, reconstructed in 12.0.6.  Filter requires 4 jets with |η|<6.  Lead jet must have p T (j 1 )>80 GeV.  3 subsequent jets must have p T >40 GeV.

14. 14 Selection Cuts Inclusive k T algorithm, E scheme, D=0.4.  Hard Jet Cuts  No cuts are applied to lepton quantities.  Require at least four jets:  |η| < 5.0.  Lead jet must have p T (j 1 )>80 GeV.  Three subsequent jets must have p T (j)>40 GeV.  Commissioning Analysis Cuts  Exactly one isolated, high-p T electron or muon.  E ∆R=0.20 < 6 GeV.  p T (l) > 20 GeV, |η| < 2.5.  Muons are reconstructed by Staco.  Electron candidates must:  Be reconstructed by eGamma.  Fulfill (isEM==0).  Exclude crack region 1.37<|η|<1.52.  At least four jets.  |η| < 2.5  First three jets have p T (j) > 40 GeV.  Fourth jet has p T (j 4 ) > 20 GeV.  Jets are removed if ∆R(j,e)<0.4.  Missing Transverse Energy: MET > 20 GeV.

15. 15 Lepton Fake Rate R(p T ) A. Doxiadis, M. Kayl, Nikhef, ATL-COM-PHYS-2008-04

16. 16 Uncertainty on σ W+Njets “Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions” CERN-PH-TH/2007-066 Systematic Variation at TevatronSystematic Variation at LHC Proton-antiproton collisions, 1.96 TeV, W ±, Cone7 jets, E T (j)>10 GeV, |η|<2 Proton-proton collisions, 14 TeV, only W +, Cone4 jets, E T (j)>20 GeV, |η|<4.5

17. 17 Trigger L1 trigger 4x4 matrix of calorimeter towers. 2x2 central core is “Region of Interest” 12 surrounding towers measure isolation Electron trigger L1_em25i requires E T >18 GeV in ROI in EM calorimeter E T <2 GeV in ROI in hadron calorimeter Isolation: E T <3 GeV in EM calorimeter E T <2 GeV in hadron calorimeter Event Filter requires E T >18 GeV ε trigger = 99% for electrons with p T >25 GeV. Muon trigger L1_mu20 requires E T >17.5 GeV.

18. 18 Trigger e25i and mu20 Plots contain ttbar events (sample 5200) Analysis cuts (see backup slides) p T (l)>10 GeV L1 Trigger, Event Filter (EF) Efficiency for e25i to observe an electron in tt→evbjjb is 84%. Efficiency for mu20 to observe a muon in tt→μvbjjb is 78%. A. Macchiolo

19. 19 Top Samples Processsample Cross section [pb] Theoretical uncertainty on σ [pb] ε filter σ*f [pb]L [pb -1 ]Weight (100 pb -1 ) Initial events Final events Efficiency [%] stat. uncertainty Wtd final events ttbar tt→(evb)(jjb) 52008331000.54461770.70.130 943041793219.020.132327 tt→(μvb)(jjb)944892797529.610.153630 tt→(τvb)(jjb)9529240494.250.07525 tt→(lvb)(lvb)7032460728.630.11788 tt→(jjb)(jjb) 5204 8331000.46369190.60.525657422370.360.02133 Single top Wt production550025.5421.60.237107507446.920.24176 s channel55012.356520.018130001591.220.103 t channel440281.51520.657124004373.520.17287

20. 20 ProcessCross section [pb] Relative uncertainty on σ MLM match rate ε filter σ*f [pb] L [pb -1 ]Weight (100 pb -1 ) Initial events Final events Efficiency [%] stat. uncertainty Wtd final events W→ev 2 partons20320.200.4020.262214593.00.16861269161020.080370.0000817 3 partons7710.300.3010.534124556.80.1796690064790.6940.03286 4 partons2730.400.2520.7853.7232.30.4306124636805.4560.203293 5 partons910.500.2640.92922.3165.80.6032370042311.4320.523255 W→μvW→μv 2 partons20320.200.4020.02016.3260.10.38444250821.9290.21132 3 partons7710.300.3040.27664.7185.50.5391120003040.2530.143164 4 partons2730.400.2290.57636.0446.40.224016073185911.5660.252416 5 partons910.500.2640.8420.2173.40.5766350083723.9140.721483 W→τvW→τv 2 partons20320.200.4150.10487.7233.20.42892045090.0440.0154 3 partons7710.300.3030.37387.1149.20.670313000320.2460.04321 4 partons2730.400.2450.68645.9119.90.83425500791.4360.16066 5 partons910.500.2640.86620.8525.40.1903109303283.0010.16362 W+N Jets

21. 21 Selection Efficiencies Process Efficiency p T (j) > 42 GeV p T (j 4 ) > 21 GeV Efficiency p T (j) > 40 GeV p T (j 4 ) > 20 GeV Efficiency p T (j) > 38 GeV p T (j 4 ) > 19 GeV Uncertainty due to ∆p T Relative uncertainty due to ∆p T ttbar tt→(evb)(jjb)0.1750.1900.2060.0150.081 tt→(μvb)(jjb)0.2720.2960.3210.0250.084 tt→(τvb)(jjb)0.03880.04250.04610.00360.085 tt→(lvb)(lvb)0.07720.08630.09500.0090.103 tt→(jjb)(jjb)0.00340.00360.00380.00020.061 Single top Wt production0.06030.06920.07990.010.14 s channel0.01010.01220.01420.0020.17 t channel0.03210.03520.03960.0040.11 W→ev 2 partons0.000590.000800.001050.00020.28 3 partons0.0005490.006940.009030.0020.25 4 partons0.04680.05460.06270.0080.14 5 partons0.1040.1140.1250.010.09 W→μvW→μv 2 partons0.01360.01930.02640.0070.33 3 partons0.02080.02530.03230.0070.23 4 partons0.09960.11570.13180.0160.14 5 partons0.2190.2390.2580.0190.08 W→τvW→τv 2 partons0.000340.000440.000490.00010.17 3 partons0.00220.00250.00330.00080.22 4 partons0.01240.01430.01730.0030.17 5 partons0.02750.03000.03250.0020.08