1. 1 SQL (CSCE 330) Team Members Bushira Kiyemba La’Trice Johnson Curtis Merriweather

2. 2 SQL Origins Relational Model formally defined by Dr. E.F. Codd in 1970’s, reflects SQL’s conceptual core  A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks

3. 3 SQL Origins Designed by IBM research center in 1974-1975 System/R project, prototype of a relational database Originated as SEQUEL, structured English Query Language, hence the pronunciation of SQL

4. 4 SQL Origins 1979, commercial relational database management system – Oracle, used SQL as its query language ANSI approved SQL as official standard in 1986, ISO standardized in 1987

5. 5 Database Concepts A database is a software program which allows for storage and retrieval of information on a computer hard drive’s file system or other device. A relational database is a database that allows for queries which typically use Structured Query Language (SQL) to store and retrieve data.

6. 6 Database Concepts Relational databases allow for more efficient queries which use less CPU power and memory allocation, as they are optimized for efficiency. However, connecting to a database is significantly slower than just reading a simple file off of your computer’s hard drive. The added features of a relational database make this speed decrease worthwhile in many situations.

7. 7 Database Concepts One of the most popular databases used for dynamic web database applications is called mySQL. It is commonly installed on popular web hosting provider’s Unix and Linux servers.

8. 8 Database Concepts Data in relational databases is stored in four primary areas: databases, tables, rows, and columns. A database is an area within the database software that contains all the tables that make up this particular set of data.

9. 9 SQL Column Data Types Auto Increment ID Fields Varchar Char Integer Blob Bit

10. 10 Additional SQL Commands Show - Show can be used to show all database tables in a particular database, or all databases in a particular server. Describe - Describe lets you see the structure of an existing database table Insert - Insert is how you input information into the database. Update - Update lets us update values inside an existing row inside a table.

11. 11 Additional SQL Commands Delete - Delete lets us delete rows inside a table. Select - Does queries on the database to extract data from it.

12. 12 Table Creation CREATE TABLE STATION (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, CITY CHAR(20), STATE CHAR(2), LAT_N REAL, LONG_W REAL);

13. 13 Table Population INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (13, 'Phoenix', 'AZ', 33, 112); INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (44, 'Denver', 'CO', 40, 105); INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (66, 'Caribou', 'ME', 47, 68);

14. 14 Selection Statement IDCITYSTATELAT_NLONG_W 13PhoenixAZ33112 44DenverCO40105 66CaribouME4768 SELECT * FROM STATION;

15. 15 SQL and other Languages There are three main means for integrating SQL into a language: Direct Embedded support like Powerbuilder Indirect embedded support through a pre-processor Database API support Examples: SQL and Python SQL and Perl

16. 16 Embedding SQL in Python SELECT name INTO :my_name FROM segments WHERE segment = :my_segment;

17. 17 Embedding SQL in Perl my @data; <?SQL SQL="select name, address, from people where name like '%' || ? || '%'" PARAMS="$search_name" MY VAR="$n, $a, $p"> push @data, { name => $n, address => $a, phone => $p, }; use Data::Dumper; print Dumper (\@data);

18. 18 Conclusion The Structured Query Language (SQL) forms the backbone of most modern database systems. It operates on sets of data rather than one data element at a time. With a single statement, you can get just exactly the answer you wanted from gigabytes of data in a millisecond. SQL is not particularly expressive and hence the need for procedural languages and other proprietary extensions

19. 19 Sources http://www.itworld.com/nl/db_mgr/05142001/ http://networking.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SQL.html http://www.opengroup.org/public/tech/datam/sql.htm http://databases.about.com/cs/sql/?once=true& http://www.paragoncorporation.com/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=6 http://www.geocrawler.com/archives/3/184/2000/12/0/4789047 http://www.python.org/search/hypermail/python-recent/0551.html http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/ctg/dm/sql_examples.html#create%20table http://www.expertwebinstalls.com/cgi_tutorial/basic_relational_database_concept.html http://developer.mimer.com/documentation/html_82/Mimer_SQL_Reference_Manual l