1. Thailand GNSS & PBN Implementation
Presented by Thailand
The 34th APEC Transportation Working Group Meeting
The 15th APEC GNSS Implementation Team Meeting 1

2. GNSS as a Fundamental Airspace Infrastructure
Accurate and reliable position and navigation capabilities of GNSS contribute significantly to the improved safety of aviation.
In line with ICAO’s policy, Thailand is moving forward with the implementation of GNSS as air navigation and surveillance infrastructures.
Safety, efficiency, economic, and environmental benefits are expected as results of GNSS implementation.
Conventional navigation and surveillance infrastructure will be maintained during transitional period. 2 2

3. Definition of PBN
Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) - is an ICAO framework for defining a navigation performance specification along a route, procedure or in airspace within which the aircraft operating must comply with specified operational performance requirements. 3

4. PBN: Harmonizing Modern and Conventional Navigation Aids
By providing Performance-specific System, operational procedures can be harmonized, even for aircrafts with different equipments.
PBN enables co-use of both conventional and satellite-based navigation aids.
GNSS = +
PBN Navigation Infrastructure 4

5. ICAO Assembly Resolution
Noting that State Letter on Issuance of ICAO PBN Manual (Doc 9613)
States and planning and implementation regional groups (PIRGs) to complete a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve
Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and
Implementation of approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS) for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches.
30% by 2010; 70% by 2014, and 100% by 2016 5 5

6. Thailand PBN & GNSS Program for Aviation6

7. Thailand WG on PBN&GNSS
Since May 2007, Thailand National Working Group on PBN & GNSS Implementation consists of representatives from:
DCA Thailand
Airlines
Thai Pilots’ Association
Airports of Thailand
Aeronautical Radio of Thailand 7 7

8. 8 Area 1: Policy & Implementation Planning
- Conduct feasibility, e.g. why should we implement PBN and GNSS? How much would it cost?
- Define roadmap, e.g. where and when should we implement?
- Address regulatory issues, e.g. what regulations/legislations are needed?
Area 2: Establishments of Standards and Requirements
- Identify/Establish standards, e.g. how should we implement? What actions are needed to be done? Who are responsible for doing what?
Area 3: Communication with Stakeholders
- Notify stakeholders, e.g. let other people know what we have planned and accomplished.
- Gather feedback, e.g. what do other stakeholders think? How can we improve what we have done? 8

9. Thailand PBN Roadmap 9 2005 2010 2015 2020 En-route Terminal Approach
RNAV 5
Possible RNP 2 or RNAV 2
Basic RNAV
RNAV 10/RNP 4 for Some Oceanic Routes
Terminal
RNAV (GNSS ) SID/STAR at Int’l Airports
RNAV 1 SID/STAR at Int’l Airports
RNAV 1 SID/STAR at Domestic Airports
RNAV 1 to RNP 1 transition at some TMAs
RNP 1 SID/STAR at Non-Radar Airports
RNP APCH (with Baro-VNAV) at Domestic and Int’l Airports
RNP AR APCH and/or GBAS at selected airports
Approach 9

10. PBN TMA Implementation10

11. Thailand PBN Plan Terminal Areas Progress Phuket
Operation since January 2009
Hat Yai
Operation since December 2009
Samui
Operation since May 2010
Chiang Mai
Design Completed and Successfully Flight Validated
Krabi
Design Completed
Suvarnabhumi
Don Mueang
Lumpang
Being Designed
Udornthani
Chiang Rai
Khon Kaen

12. Procedures for Phuket 09 Yellow – Current VOR Track Green - PBN Track12 12

13. 13

14. Safety and Efficiency Improvements with PBN
Phuket (VTSP)
Conventional
PBN
Runway 27
1.4-degree ILS offset
Straight-in approach
Runway 09
6-degree VOR offset
OCA at 850 feet
OCA at 750 feet
Samui (VTSM)
Conventional
PBN
Runway 17
Straight-in yet through unstable weather area
Straight-in approach, yet able to side-step to avoid the unstable weather area
Hat Yai (VTSS)
Conventional
PBN
Runway 08
Unavailable due to mountainous terrain
Straight-in approach
Chiang Mai (VTCC)
Conventional
PBN
Runway 18
VOR circling approach with high circling OCA/H
Runway aligned approach 14 14

15. Thailand PBN Plan Target Year Terminal Area 2012
VTSF - Nakhon si Thammarat
VTSB - Surat thani
VTBO - Trat
VTSC - Narathiwat
2013
VTPO – Sukhothai
VTPP – Phitsanulok
VTSR - Ranong
VTUU - Ubon Ratchathani
VTCH - Mae Hong Sorn

16. GNSS Monitoring Stations
Dual-Frequency GNSS Data
Monitor both GPS and GLONASS
Fulfill ICAO Annex 10 and Thai DCA legal requirements for signal archiving
- Assist issuing of RAIM NOTAM

17. PBN En-route Implementation17

18. PBN En-route M502 connecting Suvarnabhumi with South Asia
Expect RNAV-5 Navigation Specification
M752 connecting Suvarnabhumi with Australia
Expect RNAV-5 Navigation Specification

19. Reduce Carbon Emission
PBN En-route
Route
Number of Flight
(Month)
Reduce Fuel Burn
Reduce Carbon Emission
Suvarnabhumi – Male
24 Flights
~1,488 Kg
~5,208 Kg
Fuel Saving from M502: Data from Bangkok Airways

20. PBN En-route On-Going Initiatives : PBN Domestic En-route
Domestic Enroute : 2.2 mil kg of fuel save / year estimated
Bangkok – Phuket
Bangkok – Samui – Hat Yai
Bangkok – Chiang Mai
Bangkok – Udon Thani
Bangkok – Ubon Ratchathani
Implementation On-going

21. PBN En-route: International
On-going Initiatives : PBN International Routes via ICAO
Bay of Bengal – ICAO BOB Reduced Separation Minima
South China Sea – ICAO South China Sea Route Review Task Force

22. AEROTHAI in International PBN Community22

23. An Active Member of International PBN Community
Thailand as an active member of international PBN community
Active Participating State for ICAO Asia-Pacific Flight Procedure Program
Member of ICAO FPP Steering Committee
First country to be selected for ICAO PBN Go-team Visit in 2010
Host of ICAO Instrument Flight Procedure Panel Meeting in 2010
Member of ICAO Navigation System Panel
Rapportuer of ICAO Asia-Pacific PBN Task Force
Co-Chair of APEC GNSS Implementation Team
Designated ICAO PBN Airspace Concept Instructor
Honorary Member, US National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing 23 23

24. Success Overseas
PBN training for Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Mongolia and Cambodia
PBN & GNSS training for ATC, engineer, flight inspection pilots to Mongolia
PBN and GNSS flight validation services for 16 PBN Procedures for CAA Chinese Taipei
PBN route design for Bhutan
GNSS interference validation for Nepal 24 24

25. Regional RAIM Prediction System25

26. Introduction GNSS is considered a main navigation infrastructure
GNSS is now becoming a critical component of surveillance system, such as ADS-B
Unpredicted outage of GNSS services can cause undesired interruptions on aircraft operations. 26 26

27. What is RAIM?
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) provides integrity monitoring of GNSS satellites for aviation applications.
RAIM utilizes redundancy of satellite signal measurements combined with aircraft barometric altitude equipments to detect any faulty satellite signal based on satellite geometry and probability analysis. 27

28. Operational Requirements
- ICAO Annex 10 and ICAO PBN manual require States and Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) to provide timely warnings of GNSS RAIM outages.
RAIM prediction results are needed daily by pilots, flight dispatchers, air traffic controllers and airspace planners.
The use of appropriate RAIM prediction services is considered a necessary part of GNSS approvals.
RAIM prediction is required for en-route, terminal area, and approach operations. 28 28

29. Regional RAIM Prediction System
A common, regional RAIM prediction services for a region can proved to be an effective solution.
By harmonizing RAIM prediction information among States, we will
- enhance seamless air traffic operation;
- provide cost-effective investment solution;
- create a forum to share knowledge and experiences. 29 29

30. Regional RAIM Prediction System
ICAO APANPIRG tasks ICAO PBN Task Force to examine the feasibility of establishing a regional RAIM prediction system.
At GIT 13 and GIT 14, the APEC GIT has expressed its willingness to work cooperatively with ICAO PBN Task Force to support the establishment a regional RAIM prediction services. 30 30

31. Outcome from ICAO APAC PBN TF/6
ICAO APAC PBN TF/6 Meeting - February 2010, Hong Kong
The PBN TF noted that the proposal is also in line with ICAO APANPIRG Decisions 20/38 and 20/39 which tasks the ICAO PBN Task Force to examine the feasibility of establishing a regional RAIM prediction system and invite ICAO to develop guidance material on establishing common implementation rules and technical standards for GNSS reporting and prediction requirements.
The PBNTF also noted that the 46th DGCA Conference encourages States to support and place priority on the ICAO Task Forces and work programmes for the Asia-Pacific. Proposals on specific mechanisms, such as a regional RAIM prediction service, could also be looked into. 31

32. Outcome from ICAO APAC PBN TF/6
8.2.4 The PBN TF was informed that The APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT), a team established under the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Transportation Working Group, during its thirteenth meeting in 2009, has expressed its willingness to work cooperatively with ICAO PBN Task Force to support the establishment of a regional RAIM prediction service.
The PBNTF also noted with appreciation that Thailand through AEROTHAI is willing to serve as a project coordinator for this important regional activity.
8.2.5 The PBNTF agrees in principle to the establishment of a regional RAIM prediction system and cooperation between the ICAO PBN TF and the APEC GIT. 32

33. Outcome from ICAO APAC PBN TF/7
ICAO APAC PBN TF/7 Meeting, September 2010, Bangkok
7.1.5 The PBNTF agrees in principle the establishment of a regional RAIM prediction system and cooperation between the ICAO PBN TF and the APEC GIT. The PBNTF also endorses the Minimal Technical and Operational Requirements for a Regional RAIM Prediction System as followings:
7.1.6 Basic Common Denominator - Noting the differences among different RAIM algorithms on-board different aircraft, a regional RAIM prediction system provided by a service provider, such as an ANSP, should provide a “basic common denominator” RAIM prediction service for “basic” GNSS receivers, such TSO-129 (Fault Detection) and TSO-145/146 (Fault Detection and Exclusion). 33

34. Outcome from ICAO APAC PBN TF/7
7.1.7 Prediction Period – A regional RAIM prediction system shall provide prediction for RAIM outage and number of GNSS-satellite availability for a 72 hour period using the latest available GPS NANU.
7.1.8 Approach Operations - A regional RAIM prediction system shall support aircraft approach operations based on RNP APCH (with/without Baro-VNAV) navigation specification. The system shall calculate the predicted RAIM availability for a 72 hour period for specific Aerodromes. The algorithms shall address the RAIM requirements for GNSS receivers operating in Approach operations (±0.3NM). Both the Fault Detection (FD) and Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) algorithms shall be provided. The system shall calculate the predicted RAIM availability at the Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP) for baro (pressure altitude) aided and non-baro aided GNSS user equipment at 1 minute intervals or better. 34

35. Outcome from ICAO APAC PBN TF/8
ICAO APAC PBN TF/8 Meeting, May 2011, New Delhi
ICAO PBN TF/8 was informed that AEROTHAI had approved the initial investment for the establishment of the APAC Regional RAIM Prediction System to support ABAS (Aircraft Based Augmentation System), not SBAS and GBAS. Initial operation for the Bangkok FIR is expected to be near the end of The system would be capable of providing RAIM prediction services for all participating States within the Asia/Pacific Region within 2012. 35

36. Thank you for your attention.