1. Robo-AO First Science Workshop May 20, 2010

2. The Demo Period Robo-AO Science Workshop Agenda

3. Robo-AO: Demo Period Nicholas Law

4. The Demo Period 4 weeks on the Palomar 60” Q2 2011 Mission: do lots of great science

5. What’s unique to Robo- AO? Large surveys High efficiency Continual availability Great sky coverage Visible-light & high speed imaging

6. Demo Period Goals Variety of science programs Extragalactic Transients Stars Planets... Cover all Robo-AO unique capabilities Large surveys High efficiency Visible-light AO High NIR Strehl Resulting in great science... and a large group of papers

7. Survey Programs Binarity survey all spectral types, companions down to brown dwarfs for most cover range of stellar parameter space with one instrument and one coherent survey

8. Monitoring Trent Dupuy 2008, 2009

9. High availability programs The Palomar Transient Factory finds 1 transient candidate every ~10 minutes Many found near galactic nuclei - how do we separate them? NewOldSubtraction

10. 5/17/20102Astronomy Tea Talk High-speed, high-resolution imaging

11. How much time is one month? Overheads 35-40 secs: telescope pointing & settling 20 secs: Centering on target & verification 10 secs: WFS calibration, wait for loop to close Assume: no science in first week 50% uptime 30% weather losses Conservatively ~60 hours, or 1800 targets at 2 mins per target However, we need about 5000 targets for contingency!

12. Types of demo programs Large, 1000 targets Need to be very exciting papers -- only 2-3 possible High-risk if incomplete Medium, 100-300 targets 10+ projects Lower risk Others eg. transient followup (equiv. to 4m in sensitivity...)

13. Demo period capabilities General AO imaging NIR & Visible [specific NIR camera TBD] Dithering, standard observation sequences, etc. Visible-light high-speed imaging Efficiency will improve throughout run Likely semi-robotic system Probably manual target lists to start with Maybe some simple scheduling by end of demo

14. Decision process Projects defined by September Robo-AO team will collaborate, provide data, and support for data reduction, in exchange for paper authorship Mini-TAC process within Robo-AO team Current science team: C. Baranec, R. Dekany, J. Johnson, M. Kasliwal, M. van Kerkwijk, S. Kulkarni, N. Law, T. Morton, E. Ofek, A. Ramaprakash, R. Riddle, S. Tendulkar

15. Robo-AO Astrometry (1) Nicholas Law

16. Astrometric Performance Limits Signal, noise, and image size (photon statistics): Systematics Focal plane distortion Atmospheric refraction (inc. chromatic effects) Changes in instrument / telescope Atmospheric turbulence

17. Astrometric Performance Limits Focal plane distortion Atmospheric refraction (inc. chromatic effects) Changes in instrument / telescope Atmospheric turbulence Detailed calibration using crowded fields Work in narrow bands in the near-IR: in a 30nm bandpass at 2.0μm refraction effects are < 50μas Don’t do that! Robo-AO won’t Don’t do that! Robo-AO won’t Complicated... but that’s what Robo-AO is for

18. BandSNR Compared to 1.5 m SNR Compared to 4 m FWHM (1” is typical) Strehl J2.9X0.4X0.2”50% H7.1X0.98X0.26”70% Robo-AO Astrometry Astrometric precision gains in FWHM & SNR With careful experimental design, performance limited by atmospheric tip/tilt jitter (see Cameron et al. 2009) Prediction of performance: 100-200uas precision in 10-30 minutes (depending on details of target & field)

19. Integration time / seconds

20. 2 milliarcsec

21. M-dwarf Planetary Populations Only 16 planetary systems detected around M-dwarfs (<~0.6 solar masses) Several hundred detected around solar-type stars M-dwarfs are very FAINT and red for RV searches Only the highest-mass M-dwarfs (<M3) have been probed with radial velocity searches Even so, some of the most interesting systems have been found around M- dwarfs Gl 581 2 M Earth 16 M Earth 5 M Earth 7 M Earth Mayor et al 2009 arXiv:0906.2780

22. M-dwarf Astrometric AO Planet Survey Target M-dwarfs in galactic plane Few hundred microarcsec precision per epoch Sensitive to Jupiter-mass planets in few-month orbits Competitive with (future) ~10 m/s radial velocity surveys around mid M-dwarfs for few month orbits

23. Robo-AO: Binarity Survey Nicholas Law

24. Multiplicity in solar neighborhood 5/17/20102Astronomy Tea Talk Various surveys Solar type stars: Duquennoy & Mayor (1991) More recent RV surveys Some AO BD surveys (eg. Gelino et al.) All 100-200 targets M-dwarfs Lots of ~50-target AO surveys RV surveys starting up for planet searches Other types have a similar patchwork of surveys

25. Robo-AO’s contribution 5/17/20102Astronomy Tea Talk 8 Target groups A, F, G, K, M0-3, M3-6, M6-9, L0+ Sensitivity High-mass BD companions in ~120 secs (at large radii) Main sequence companions at most separations In visible, white dwarf companions reachable CPM confirmation in 1 month is conceivable Target numbers 150 targets per night Useful contribution in 5-8 nights @ 150 targets per target group Large, coherent, well-understood-bias survey