1. Newspapers As Scholarly Resources: Impact of the Digital Age Rev. 03/2010 Michael E. Unsworth MSU Libraries unsworth@msu.edu

2. Current Tribulations: www.onthemedia.org/

3. OUTLINE Nature & Function Modes: –Print –Microfilm –Digital Observations and Remarks

4. Nature and Function of Newspapers

5. WHAT IS A NEWSPAPER? AN EXISTENTIAL MATTER 15 USCS § 1802: "a publication produced on newsprint paper which is published in one or more issues weekly (including as one publication any daily newspaper and any Sunday newspaper published by the same owner in the same city, community, or metropolitan area), and in which a substantial portion of the content is devoted to the dissemination of news and editorial opinion.”

6. WHAT IS A NEWSPAPER?

7. TRANSMOGRIFY INTO SOMETHING ELSE

8. FROM MOUTHPIECE…

9. TO ADVERTISING DELIVERY SYSTEM

10. EDITIONS From 1990-2009, it had: L.A. ed. Orange County ed. (ceased) Ventura County ed. Inland Empire ed. San Diego County ed. (ceased) National ed. (ceased)

11. Constantly Evolving Partial Genealogy. In 1956: 1.Examiner (Brooklyn, N.Y.) MERGED WITH American Hebrew (1935 ) TO BECOME 2.American examiner 3.Jewish week and the American examiner 4.New York Jewish week and the American examiner 5.New York Jewish Week

12. PRINT MODE (1605- )

13. ACCESSING CONTENT WAS DIFFICULT

14. MICROFILM MODE (1935- )

15. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INDEXES

16. DIGITAL MODE (1970s - )

17. AGGREGATOR PROLIFERATION

18. INDEXING Keyword, e.g. Factiva (articles from hundreds of newspapers): trash or garbage or solid waste Subject, e.g., National Newspaper Abstracts (of 3 major newspapers): waste materials

19. Its eAP “database that holds all AP content and delivers news in all formats: text, audio, photos, video, etc. There is access to eAP from multiple channels. Eventually eAP will replace the current text archive. It currently contains more than 65 million documents.” AVAILABLE ONLY TO THE AP ORGANIZATION, ITS MEMBERSHIP, AND SUBSCRIBERS.

20. DIGITIZATION PROJECTS

21. MOST HISTORICAL NEWSPAPERS ARE DIGITIZED FROM MICROFILM

23. FREE ARTICLE FROM GOOGLE NEWS

24. Full Image Complete newspaper issues in the original full-image context Remote Access Increase usage and return on microfilm investment Ownership Digital access and the benefit of permanent holdings Save Time, money, and resources ProQuest’s Digital Microfilm™ © 2009 ProQuest LLC

25. Observations and Remarks

26. YOU GET WHAT PAY FOR

27. DATA LOSS

28. “Huggins said that he sold Paper of Record to Google in 2006, but that the deal was secret until late last year, when Google exercised its right to have Huggins stop managing the site. At that point, Huggins expected a transition to having the material appear on Google, but the material just disappeared from public view. “

29. EDITION CONFUSION EXACERBATED: WHICH ONE SHOULD BE ARCHIVED?

30. ARE VIDEOS ARCHIVED?

32. MICROFILM HAS ITS USES

33. WHAT’S A SCHOLAR TO DO? CONSULT WITH YOUR LIBRARIANS http://staff.lib.msu.edu/harris23 /news/newspgu.htm

34. SUMMING UP Nature & Function of Newspapers Modes: –Print –Microfilm –Digital

35. END