1. Appendix C – BACK OF TEXTBOOK Hint: Not in back of Chapter 10! Time Value of Money $$$$

2. It’s about Interest! And time and money… And No, you don’t have to be Einstein to get this!

3. Time Value of Money…. The SAME amount of Money is worth more TODAY, then in the FUTURE. Why? Because you could take that money and invest it and earn interest on it. How is interest calculated?

4. acct.2204 Time Value of Money.... What is Simple Interest? You borrow $5,000 For 2 years At 12% How much interest is earned the first year? How much interest is earned the second year?

5. acct.2205 Simple Interest You borrow $5,000 For 2 years At 12% $5,000 * 12% = 600 $1,200 Ending Balance (with interest) = $6,200

6. acct.2206 Simple Interest – you practice What is Simple Interest? You borrow $1,000 For 3 years At 9% How much interest is earned the first year? How much interest is earned the second year? How much interest is earned the third year? First try this on YOUR OWN (use the notes section of the Course Pack) and then go to next slide to check your work.

7. acct.2207 Simple Interest You borrow $1,000 For 3 years At 9% $1,000 * 9% = 90 $180 Ending Balance (with interest) = $1,180

8. acct.2208 Time Value of Money.... – you practice What is Compound Interest? You borrow $1,000, For 3 years, At 9% How much interest is earned the first year? But the next year, since you haven’t been paid, you will earn interest on the principal plus the unpaid interest And the next year(s)…you earn interest on interest $90

9. acct.2209 Time Value of Money.... – you practice What is Compound Interest? You borrow $1,000 For 3 years At 9% How much interest is earned the first year? How much interest is earned the second year? How much interest is earned the third year? First try this on YOUR OWN (use the notes section of the Course Pack) and then go to next slide to check your work.

10. acct.22010 Time Value of Money.... What is Compound Interest? You borrow $1,000 For 3 years At 9% $1,000 * 9% = 90.00 (then you ADD the interest to the principal for the second year) $1,090 * 9% = 98.10 $1,188.10 *9%= 106.93 $295.03 Ending Balance (with interest) = $1,295.03 Question: Why do you add the interest to the second and third years?

11. Why do you add the interest to the second and third years? Because it won’t be paid off until the end of the third year. So, during the second and third years, you have earned interest, but you haven’t been paid for it yet. Thus, you earn interest on interest….

12. acct.22012 Let’s do the SAME example…using the Tables If I put $1,000 in an account, what will it be worth in 3 years?“ We know – Present Value: $1,000 – Interest Rate: 9% – N = 3 – Table ____ – Factor: ____ – Future Value? _____

13. acct.22013 Table 1 Example – Future Value of a Single Amount If I put $1,000 in an account, what will it be worth in 3 years?“ We know – Present Value: $1,000 – Interest Rate: 9% – N = 3 – Table 1 – Factor: 1.29503 – Future Value? $1,000 * 1.29503 = $1,295.03

14. You Practice – FV of a single amount  ----------------------------------------------------  Today 18 years later PV = $20,000 FV= ??? I = 6% Your grandma gave your parents $20,000 when you were born, for College 18 years later. What is the future value of $20,000?? Use Table 1 to get the factor. First, try this on YOUR OWN and then See Page C5

15. You Practice – FV of a single amount  ----------------------------------------------------  Today 18 years later PV = $20,000 FV= ??? I = 6% Your grandma gave your parents $20,000 when you were born, for College 18 years later. What is the future value of $20,000?? Using Table 1 factor = 2.85434 * $20,000 = $57,086.80

16. What about Annuities? Question: What are annuities?

17. FV of an Annuity A series of equal dollar amounts are paid or received. Examples: – you own a CD of $1,000 paying 6% interest per year = $60/year. The $60 is an annuity. – You are buying a car and your payments are $350 each month. – You are saving money for a trip to France and put $1,000 into an interest bearing bank account each December 31 for 3 years. Note: A CD is a certificate of deposit, a type of savings account earning interest.

18. Practice – FV of an Annuity  -------|-------------|-----------|-----------|---  Today 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 PV =n/aFV= ??? I = 6% Payments = $25,000 A company is saving $25,000 per year for the purpose of replacing a printing press. In four years, what will be the balance in this account? Use Table 2 to get the factor. First, try this on YOUR OWN and then See Page C7

19. Practice – FV of an Annuity  -------|-------------|-----------|-----------|---  Today 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 PV =n/aFV= ??? I = 6% Payments = $25,000 A company is saving $25,000 per year for the purpose of replacing a printing press. In four years, what will be the balance in this accounts? Using Table 2 factor = 4.37462 * $25,000 = $109,365.50

20. acct.22020 Present Value: what’s it worth now? Single Amount Example: “What do I have to put into the bank NOW, to have $1,000 in 1 year?“ assume 10% interest rate We know: – Present Value: ???? (what we are solving for) – Interest Rate: 10% – N = 1 – Table 3 – Factor: 0.90909 – Future Value? $1,000 – PV = $1,000 * 0.90909 = $909.09

21. Present Value Also called “discounting” Why? Because money now can earn interest and will be worth more later.

22. Winning the lottery…. You win the lottery and have to choose between receiving $10,000 in three years or receiving the discounted amount today? Solve for present value – Given I = 8% – N = 3 PV = ????? First, try this on YOUR OWN and then See Page C10

23. Winning the lottery…. You win the lottery and have to choose between receiving $10,000 in three years or receiving the discounted amount today? Solve for present value – Given I = 8% – N = 3 Using Table 3 factor = 0.79383 * $10,000 = $7,938.30 First, try this on YOUR OWN and then See Page C10

24. What about Present Value of an annuity? For example, instead of making payments, I’ll just pay Cash NOW….

25. acct.22025 Present Value: what’s it worth now? Annuity Example: "I'm making payments of $1,000 for the next 3 years. If I chose NOT to pay on time, but pay in CASH, what would they charge me?“ We know – Present Value: _____ – Interest Rate: 10% – N = 3 – Table ____ – Factor: ____ – Payments: $1,000 Note: This is a good one for knowing when you buy a car…. If you have the money NOW…

26. Present Value- Annuity $1,000 * 2.48686 = $2.486.86 The present value is Lower The $1,000 + 1,000 + 1,000 = 3,000 worth of payments is discounted to $2,487 (rounded). So….you get a discount of $ 513 if you pay NOW, because you don’t have to pay the interest of 10%

27. Present Value- Annuity -practice  ---------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|  Today 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 PV =??FV= ??? I = 12% Payments = $6,000 Kildare Co. signs a lease (lease to own) requiring annual payments of $6,000. If you pay the lease off upfront, how much would you pay? Solve for present value The ($6,000 * 5 years ) = $30,000 worth of payments is discounted to ____________ First, try this on YOUR OWN and then See Page C12

28. Present Value- Annuity -practice  -------|-------------|-----------|-----------|---------|  Today 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 PV =??FV= ??? I = 12% Kildare Co. signs a lease (lease to own) requiring 5 annual payments of $6,000. If you pay the lease off upfront, how much would you pay? Using Table 4 factor = 3.60478 * $6,000 = $21,628.68

29. acct.22029 Appendix C – applications -Bonds In Chapter 10, you studied Bonds. Bonds are issued at Face Value, or Discount or Premium We know – The Bond Selling Price varies depending on Market Interest Rate: Face Value (Market interest rate = Bond contract rate) Discounted from Face Value (Market interest rate > Bond contract rate) Premium – higher than Face Value (Market interest rate < Bond contract rate) Question: How is the selling price of a bond calculated?

30. acct.22030 Appendix C – applications -Bonds NEED TO KNOW: – Bond Interest Rate (the contract rate) – Face Value of Bond Issuance ($1,000 x number of bonds sold) – Bond Interest Payments (Face Value of Bond Issuance x semi annual bond interest (contract) rate – Market Interest Rate

31. 31 The Cash Flow of Bonds Let’s say you have 1,000 bonds. Review: What is the face value of a single bond? Stop and Answer before checking the next slide

32. 32 The Cash Flow of Bonds Let’s say you have 1,000 bonds. that you sell at Face Value. Review: What is the face value of a single bond? $1,000 Review: What is the face value of the entire bond issuance of 1,000 bonds?

33. 33 The Cash Flow of Bonds Let’s say you have 1,000 bonds that you sell at Face Value. Review: What is the face value of a bond? $1,000 Review: What is the face value of the entire bond issuance of 1,000 bonds? $1,000 * 1,000 bonds = $100,000

34. 34 The Cash Flow of Bonds – Bond Interest Rate (the contract rate) = 10% – Face Value of Bond Issuance ($1,000 * number of bonds sold) = $100,000 – Bond Interest Payments (Face Value of Bond Issuance * semi annual bond interest (contract) rate = ($100,000 * 10%)/2 = $10,000/2 = $5,000 – Years = 5

35. 35 The Cash Flow of Bonds - con’t – Bond Interest Rate (the contract rate) = 10% – Face Value of Bond Issuance ($1,000 * number of bonds sold) = $100,000 – Bond Interest Payments (Face Value of Bond Issuance * semi annual bond interest (contract) rate = ($100,000 * 10%)/2 = $10,000/2 = $5,000 – Years = 5 – There are TWO CASH OUTFLOWS with Bonds Interest Payment every six months = $5,000 Payment of principal at the end of the bond = $100,000 – You have to calculate the Present Value of each cash flow to get the total Market Price of the Bond at the Market Interest Rate

36. 36 Cash Flow of the Principal After 5 years. The company must pay back the bond, at FACE VALUE. – I (interest), FV (future value), N (periods) 10%, $100,000, 5 years => 10 periods  ----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|---  $100,000 $100,000 is the principal of the loan. The $100,000 is a single amount. We pay back the Bond, in the future, at FACE Value, regardless of what what the Selling Price of the Bond was. Fill in the table on your Course pack, then See Page C13

37. 37 Cash Flow of Interest Paid I’m LOCKED IN WITH: – I (interest), FV (future value), N (periods) 10%, $100,000, 5 years => 10 periods  ----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|---  $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 will be paid out in interest, every six months for 10 periods, over the life of the bond, for a total of $50,000. The $5,000 is an annuity. We use the Bond contract rate to calculate the $5,000. It doesn’t change, regardless of the Selling Price of the Bond.

38. 38 Present Value of Bonds -Face Value If contract rate is 10% and market is 10%.... You can sell the Bond at face value. Proof:  ---------------------------------------------   ---------------------------------------------  $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Total = $100,000 I market = 5%, table 4, factor = 7.72173 x $5,000 = $38,609 I market = 5%, table 3, factor =.61391 x $100,000 = $61,391 $61,391 + 38,609 = $100,000 would be Issue Price or 100

39. 39 Present Value of Bonds -Discount If contract rate is 10% and market is 12%.... You can sell the Bond at discount. Proof:  ---------------------------------------------   ---------------------------------------------  $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Total = $92,639 I market = 6%, table 4, factor = 7.36009 x $5,000 = $36,800 I market = 6%, table 3, factor =.55839 x $100,000 = $55,839 $ 55,839 + 36,800 = $92,639 would be Issue Price or 92.639

40. 40 Present Value of Bonds -Premium If contract rate is 10% and market is 8%.... You can sell the Bond at premium. Proof:  ---------------------------------------------   ---------------------------------------------  $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Total = $108,111 I market = 4%, table 4, factor = 8.11090 x $5,000 = $40,555 I market = 4%, table 3, factor =.67556 x $100,000 = $67,556 $ 67,556 + 40,555 = $108.111 would be Issue Price or 108.111

41. acct.22041 Appendix C You are responsible for pages C1-C14

42. End of Appendix C Good Bye and Good Luck!