1. Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián A. Mugarza A. Närmann J. E. Ortega A. Rubio University of Wisconsin Madison F. J. Himpsel macroscopic “miscut” angle Universidad Autónoma de Madrid A. Mascaraque E. G. Michel University of Osnabrück S. Speller A. Bachmann

2. 0.60.40.20.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3  /d [111] k  (Å -1 ) 4  /d 2  /d  /d k || (Å -1 ) L   º 0.60.40.20.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 [111] 2  /d  /d k  (Å -1 ) k || (Å -1 ) L    º Terrace and step modulated surface wave function probed by photon-energy-dependent photoemission J. E. Ortega et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6110 (2000)

3. Cu(111): p z -like surface state Topographic scan 7º miscut Cu(111) STM Bottom of the surface band Spectroscopic scan U= - 0,14V Repulsive barrier at the step

4. Recomendación Open versus closed facets in stepped Cu(111) 7º miscut, 500x500Å 2 Spectroscopy

5. Terrace width distribution 9º miscut

6. Envelope function (k(E)) Bloch oscillation (k edge ) Co n=2, 3ML n=3, 6ML Cu

7. Dispersion on 100-like stepped Cu(111)

8. [111]  L   d  d  E1E1 E2E2 E1E1 [111]  L   d E22E22 L kk k || k   x 0.5 9º miscut5º miscut

9.  Accessible Photoemission Final States

10.  [111]  L   d  d  E1E1 E2E2 E1E1 [111]  L   d E22E22 L kk k || k   x 0.5 9º miscut5º miscut Accessible Photoemission Final States

11. Transition from terrace to step modulation 7º miscut (17 Å wide terraces) -0.6-0.4-0.20.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 [111] L  3  /L 2   k  (Å -1 ) k  (Å -1 )

12.  terrace 11 deg miscut, 111-like steps Umklapp with step lattice vectors  L -1.2-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  d [111] k  (Å ) k || (Å )  d  d L   º

13. Motion perpendicular to the step (scattering) Motion parallel to the step (free motion) 5 deg miscut, (111)-like steps

14. -0,8-0,6-0,4-0,20,0 h = 10 eV 5º 7º 9º x2 miscut 100-like steps One-dimensional state step state

15. 1D State: sputtering test band bottom 15 deg off 19 deg off 22 deg off 1 min sputtering || to the steps band bottom 15 deg off 19 deg off 22 deg off 2 min sputtering  to the steps Clean 7 deg miscut, {111}-like steps band bottom 15 deg off 19 deg off 22 deg off LEED [10] spot

16. Dispersion  to the step: confinement Dispersion || to the step: free motion Flat surface: 2D Image State h e - 14.5 eV  J. E. Ortega et al., Phys. Rev. B 49, 13859 (1994) E x y Vacuum (reference level) 2D Image State 1D Image State (step state) Charge smoothening at the step (Smoluchowsky dipole) + + + + - - - -   eV  Vicinal Cu(100) [100] [011] 11 Å