1. 1 The Post-PC Era: It’s All About Services Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA randy@cs.Berkeley.edu

2. 2 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

3. 3 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

4. 4 Evolution of the Computer Eniac, 1947 Telephone, 1876 Computer + Modem 1957 Early Wireless Phones, 1978 First Color TV Broadcast, 1953 HBO Launched, 1972 Interactive TV, 1990 Handheld Portable Phones, 1990 First PC Altair, 1974 IBM PC, 1981 Apple Mac, 1984 Apple Powerbook, 1990 IBM Thinkpad, 1992 HP Palmtop, 1991 Apple Newton, 1993 Pentium PC, 1993 Red Herring, 10/99

5. 5 Game Consoles Personal Digital Assistants Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV) Communicators Smart Telephones E-Toys (Furby, Aibo) Evolution of the Computer Pentium PC, 1993 Atari Home Pong, 1972 Apple iMac, 1998 Pentium II PC, 1997 Palm VII PDA, 1999 Network Computer, 1996 Free PC, 1999 Sega Dreamcast, 1999 Internet-enabled Smart Phones, 1999 Red Herring, 10/99 Proliferation of diverse end devices and access networks

6. 6 After the PC … Not about gadgets or access technologies About services and applications Increasing, not decreasing, diversity Enabled by computing embedded in communications fabric

7. 7 The Shape of Things Now Siemens SL45 –A cellular phone with voice command, voice dialing, intelligent text for short messages –An MP3 player & headset –A digital voice recorder –Supports “Mobile Internet” with a built-in WAP Browser –Can store »45 minutes of music »5 hours of voice notes »“Unlimited” addresses/phone numbers

8. 8 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

9. 9 Network “Cloud”

10. 10 Regional Net Regional Nets + Backbone Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net Backbone LAN

11. 11 ISP Backbones + NAPs + ISPs ISP Business ISP Consumer ISP LAN NAP Backbones Dial-up

12. 12 Core Networks Covad Core Networks + Access Networks @home ISP Cingular Sprint AOL LAN NAP Dial-up DSL Always on NAP Cable Head Ends Cell Satellite Fixed Wireless

13. 13 Covad Computers Inside the Core @home ISP Cingular Sprint AOL LAN NAP Dial-up DSL Always on NAP Cable Head Ends Cell Satellite Fixed Wireless

14. 14 Global Packet Network Internetworking (Connectivity) ISP CLEC New Internet Services Business Model Application-specific Overlay Networks (Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs) Applications (Portals, E-Commerce, E-Tainment, Media) Application-specific Servers (Streaming Media, Transformation) ASP Internet Data Centers Appl Infrastructure Services (Distribution, Caching, Searching, Hosting) AIP ISV

15. 15 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

16. 16 Services Within the Network: Content Distribution “Internet Grid” Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange Points Co-Location Scalable Servers Web Caches

17. 17 Services in the Internet: Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, … Something more than illegally sharing RIP’d music and videos from CDs and DVDs … Cooperative construction of directories –Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing –No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for denial of service attack, etc. –BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot of network traffic Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of information within communities –E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc. –Linking library catalogs together

18. 18 Services Within the Network: Streaming Media Clients Broadcasters Content Broadcast Management Platform and Tools Steve McCanne Edge Servers Load Balancing Thru Server Redirection; Content Broadcast Network Content Distribution Through Multicast Overlay Network Redirection Fabric Inter-ISP Redirection Peering

19. 19 Service-Level Peering Via Redirection Need common architecture to allow different vendors to create different components and work with one another while still competing The challenges –Define the redirection architecture –New client/infrastructure protocol & API (a la DNS) –Do so in backward compatible way –Others… One of the next big architectural issues for the Internet… McCanne, FFNets

20. 20 Isolated multicast clouds Traditional unicast peering multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud Enabled by Application- Specific Overlay Networks E.g., solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Steve McCanne

21. 21 Application-Level Servers/Routers Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Steve McCanne

22. 22 The Service Stack TCP service IP service Applications End Host Router Network Services End host Services End-to-end argument here Steve McCanne

23. 23 The Service Stack IP service Applications DNS End Host Overlay Router Network Services End host Services Infrastructure Services TCP service DNS stub Steve McCanne

24. 24 The Service Stack TCP service IP service Cache Services Proxy Services Applications DNS End Host Overlay Router Network Services End host Services Infrastructure Services DNS stub Steve McCanne

25. 25 The Service Stack IP service Cache Services Proxy Services Applications DNS redirection End Host Overlay Router Network Services End host Services Infrastructure Services TCP service DNS stub Steve McCanne

26. 26 Service Elements for Internet Broadcast TCP service IP and Scoped IP Multicast Network Services End host Services Infrastructure Services BroadcastRedirection DNS stub Applications DNS End Host Overlay Router redirection stub Steve McCanne

27. 27 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

28. 28 The iMode Story 21 million Internet-capable cellular phone subscribers NTTDoCoMo has become the world’s largest ISP! Most frequent used applications: –Voice conversations –Text messages –Animated cartoons –Specialized ringing tones Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving the competitive development of new services!

29. 29 Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU; Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses, all before first revenue Build it, but will they come? –Compelling services make the difference Alternative business model –Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure –Competitive provisioning of services Better way to build a network? … –Partition frequencies based on subscriber density –Eliminate duplicate antenna sites –Leverage common backhaul networks

30. 30 Application Services in the Mobile Wireless Network Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps –User preference management services –Application coordination services –Context-awareness services –Content-localization services –Mobility-model extraction services –Content adaptation to access network performance –Content adaptation to access client capabilities –Storage migration in response to user mobility Special about mobile wireless? –Exploitation of location and mobility –Resource constrained nature of wireless environment

31. 31 Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless Network Forming dynamic confederations –Discovering confederates, establishing trust Open service/resource allocation model –Service creation, establishment, placement; –Exchange resources, capabilities, status; –Allocate based on economic methods; –Manage trust among participants; Service brokering/peering –Dynamically construct overlays on component services provided by underlying service providers –Redirect to alternative service instances

32. 32 Presentation Outline Convergence, Divergence, Competition The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet Services-Enabled Networks Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Summary and Conclusions

33. 33 The Post-PC Era Not about specific Information Appliances Services spanning access networks, to achieve high performance/manage end device diversity Builds on the New Internet –Opening up of the connectivity “cloud” –Embedding computing in the communications fabric Pervasive support for “intelligent” services –Near you for faster access, more personalized, more localized –Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed