1. Geant4 updates Makoto Asai (SLAC/SCCS) G4NAMU meeting @ Orlando Jul/30/2006

2. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)2 Contents Short introduction to Geant4 New features in versions 8.0 and 8.1 New features foreseen in version 9.0 Short introduction to gMocren (former GRAPE) Conferences of interests

3. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)3 What is Geant4? Geant4 is the successor of GEANT3, the world- standard toolkit for HEP detector simulation. Geant4 is one of the first successful attempt to re-design a major package of HEP software for the next generation of experiments using an Object-Oriented environment. A variety of requirements have also taken into account from heavy ion physics, CP violation physics, cosmic ray physics, astrophysics, space science and medical applications. In order to meet such requirements, a large degree of functionality and flexibility are provided. G4 is not only for HEP but goes well beyond that.

4. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)4 Flexibility of Geant4 In order to meet wide variety of requirements from various application fields, a large degree of functionality and flexibility are provided. Geant4 has many types of geometrical descriptions to describe most complicated and realistic geometries –CSG, BREP and Boolean solids –Placement, replica, divided, parameterized, reflected and grouped –XML interface Everything is open to the user –Choice of physics processes/models –Choice of GUI, Visualization, persistency, histogramming technologies

5. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)5 Physics in Geant4 It is rather unrealistic to develop a uniform physics model to cover wide variety of particles and/or wide energy range. Much wider coverage of physics comes from mixture of theory-driven, parameterized, and empirical formulae. Thanks to polymorphism mechanism, both cross-sections and models (final state generation) can be combined in arbitrary manners into one particular process. Geant4 offers –EM processes –Hadronic processes –Photon/lepton-hadron processes –Optical photon processes –Decay processes –Shower parameterization –Event biasing techniques –And you can plug-in more

6. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)6 Geant4 – Its history Dec ’ 94 - Project start Apr ’ 97 - First alpha release Jul ’ 98 - First beta release Dec ’ 98 - First Geant4 public release … Dec 17 th, ’ 04 - Geant4 version 7.0 release June 30 th, ’ 05 - Geant4 version 7.1 release Dec 16 th, ’ 05 - Geant4 version 8.0 release –Feb 10 th, ’ 06 - Geant4 8.0-patch01 release June 30 th, ’ 06 - Geant4 version 8.1 release –Jul 27 th, ’ 06 - Geant4 8.1-patch01 release We currently provide two to three public releases every year. –Bimonthly beta releases are available to the registered beta-testers.

7. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)7 Geant4 Collaboration Collaborators also from non- member institutions, including Budker Inst. of Physics IHEP Protvino MEPHI Moscow Pittsburg University Lebedev TRIUMF J.W.Goethe Universität

8. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)8

9. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)9 http://top25.sciencedirect.com/index.php?subject_area_id=21

10. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)10 http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2004/november04-eng.html http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/jan05-eng.html http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/mar05-eng.html http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/may05-eng.html http://www.in-cites.com/hotpapers/2005/july05-eng.html

11. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)11

12. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)12 Courtesy of S.Incerti (IN2P3/CNRS)

13. MAXI ISS Columbus AMS EUSO Bepi Colombo SWIFT LISA Smart-2 ACE INTEGRAL Astro-E2 JWSTGAIA Herschel Cassini GLAST XMM-Newton

14. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)14 Courtesy T. Ersmark, KTH Stockholm

16. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)16

17. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)17

18. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)18 Harald Paganetti GEANT4 based proton dose calculation in a clinical environment: technical aspects, strategies and challenges

19. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)19 Geant4 8.0 - general picture 1.New capabilities –EM (‘standard’) : new MSC model implementation –New design for particle definitions, no longer ‘static’ –Concrete scoring and filter classes –Geometry overlap check at construction 2. Improvements and fixes –to existing hadronic physics modeling & models –in physics process implementations 3.Migrations, updates –Support for CLHEP 2.0.X series –Keeping compatibility with 1.9.X series –Usage of replacing obsolete

20. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)20 Geant4 8.1 - general picture 1.Adoption of a new Geant4 Software License 2.New capabilities –Updated particle definitions to match PDG-2005 –New ‘material scanner’ utility –New ‘tessellated’ solids for interface with CAD systems –ß-release of very low-energy processes in water 3.Numerous improvements in EM “standard” physics –Simulation of back-scattering improved –Tail of angular distribution now material dependent –Visible energy in sampling calorimeters less sensitive to production threshold 3.Fixes in hadronic physics and reviewed physics-lists –New combined elastic-scattering models –Extended use of Binary and Bertini cascade models

21. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)21 EM Physics New stepping algorithm for multiple- scattering process (since 8.0) –To improve behavior of low energy particles –Significantly reduced cut dependency –More precise visible energy in sampling calorimeters –Limits step size for particles –Extra CPU cost when using same value of production thresholds –Mechanism provided to deactivate step limitation Refinements to multiple scattering process (version 8.1) –Improved back-scattering –Improved scattering on very thin layers –Tail of angular distribution now material dependent –Even less sensitive to production thresholds in sampling calorimeters Reintroduced option to create secondaries below the cut near geometrical boundaries (sub-cutoff) Improved simulation of ionization for ions –Data from NIST databases used

22. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)22 Physics … more Synchrotron radiation (version 8.1) New process version released: new methods for angular distributions; enhanced to work with local fields and set polarization Transition radiation (version 8.1) New algorithm for XTR angular distribution Multiple scattering does not use table –Needed to ensure repeatability Refined PAI (Photon-Absorption-Ionisation) model Low energy EM (version 8.1) New models for photoelectric angular distribution ß-release of low energy processes in water down to eV scale (Geant4- DNA)

23. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)23 More … Data sets –New data set for high precision neutron processes G4NDL 3.9 (release 8.1) –New data set for low-energy EM processes G4EMLOW 4.0 (release 8.1) Examples –New extended examples: TestEm0 - uses G4EmCalculator to print x-sections and stopping power TestEm16 - simulation of synchrotron radiation Hadr01 - simulation of proton/ion beam interaction in water Parameterization/gflash - usage of gflash for shower parameterization Persistency/P01 - object persistency through Reflex –New advanced examples: Microbeam - cellular irradiation beam line at CENBG facility, France Raredecay_calorimetry - photonuclear reactions for photon inefficiency Radiation_monitor - LHC radiation monitoring detectors –Many improvements and fixes …

24. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)24 New features foreseen in 9.0 Scheduled release date - December 15 th, 2006 Kernel / Geometry –Parallel navigator, first implementation –Revision of biasing/scoring processes –Optimized navigation for voxelized phantom geometries –Addition of magnetic moment to particle properties –Ability to change temperature and density of gaseous materials Visualisation and Graphics Representations –Support visualization of G4Polyhedra with generic constructor –Extensions to G4RichTrajectory and provide examples –Provide convenient visualization tools for new Scorers –Provide solution integrated into normal visualization system for visualization of DICOM files –Full support for visualization of boolean shapes –Support visualisation of regions/envelopes/parallel geometries

25. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)25 New features foreseen in 9.0 Standard EM –Updates to ionisation processes Spin and mass effects for pions, muons, kaons Ability to plug-in user data for stopping powers Alternative multiple-scattering processes for different particle types –e+, e-, muons, hadrons and ions –Introduction of K-L shell X-rays in photo-electric process Low-energy EM –Low energy extensions in water (down to O(1eV)) –Evaluation of Penelope multiple scattering –Low energy extensions in silicon Hadronic Physics –Evaluate and improve hadronic elastic scattering –Extension to G4NDL data library and repackaging using ENDF –Development of sub-models of Bertini cascade and application to ions –Binary cascade interface to string models –Review of total, elastic, inelastic cross sections

26. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)26 gMocren gMocren (former GRAPE) is being developed for the purpose of visualizing patient data with a dose distribution which is calculated by Geant4-based simulation for the radiotherapy. This activity is a part of the project, "Development of Simulation Framework for Advanced Radio Therapy" supporting by CREST, JST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency). gMocren home page http://geant4.kek.jp/gMocren/ –Currently, only the Windows version is available for download. Linux version should come soon.

27. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)27 Screen shots of gMocren

28. July 30, 2006Geant4 updates @ G4NAMU meeting - M. Asai (SLAC/SCCS)28 Conferences of interests First European Workshop on Monte Carlo Treatment Planning of the European Workgroup on MCTP –October 22 - 25, 2006 –Gent, Belgium The Japan-Taiwan Symposium on Simulation in Medicine –December 12 - 15, 2006 –Tsukuba, Japan Monte Carlo techniques in radiotherapy and verification : Third McGill International Workshop –May 28 - June 1, 2007 –McGill University, Montreal, Canada