1. “A successful man is usually a classifier and a chartmaker. This applies as much to modern business as to science or libraries… A large business or work unclassified or uncharted is not a worthy organisation but mere material from which a clever brain may construct one. It differs in efficiency from the ideal as a mob of men differs from a well disciplined army.” Melvil Dewey

2. Organising/classifying provides advantages the task is more effectively achieved, we have a higher chance of survival We must have evolved an ability to classifiy objects in the brain long before we started naming objects Now we name things and communicate we need to classify so we can find our way about the objects of our communication

3. The mental thesaurus.. is sometimes torn into pieces with clean edges... Among anomic patients (those who have trouble using nouns) different patients have problems with different kinds of nouns.... Some can name animals and vegetables but not foods, body parts, clothing, vehicles, or furniture. Steven Pinker - The Language Instinct Classification is a natural activity of the brain - as some problems have revealed

4. All forms of classification and indexing help discriminate between what may and may not be relevant. Faceted classification in online information retrieval and OPACs will provide the user with more power to discriminate with less effort.

5. This presentation takes up the cause of faceted classification and indexing in the provision of what I have called view-based searching - direct user interaction with thesauri and classification schemes - for online information retrieval and OPACs

6. View-based searching uses classification and thesauri for both specifying the query and presenting the results HIBROWSE High resolution Interface for BROWsing and SEarching integrates the browsing and searching functions - as a device for navigating n-dimensional information space

7. The following example of view-based searching with HIBROWSE uses a subset of more than 600,000 records to biomedical publications from EMBASE published by Elsevier Science BV The following example of view-based searching with HIBROWSE uses a subset of more than 600,000 records to biomedical publications from EMBASE published by Elsevier Science BV

8. Views are taken from the EMTREE thesaurus 38,000 controlled vocabulary terms with 300,000 entry terms 15 main subject facets e.g. Physical Diseases Chemicals & Drugs Therapeutic Techniques Views are taken from the EMTREE thesaurus 38,000 controlled vocabulary terms with 300,000 entry terms 15 main subject facets e.g. Physical Diseases Chemicals & Drugs Therapeutic Techniques

9. The HIBROWSE interface relates to Ranganathan’s Colon Classification e.g. DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE

11. each facet is a hierarchical view using EMTREE descriptors assigned to 67,497 documents diseasetherapy on disease and therapy group by age which also refer to a group by age DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE

12. 17,859 cardiovascular disease each one of the 17,859 documents cardiovascular disease on cardiovascular disease must also therapy concern some aspect of therapy group by age and refer to a group by age

13. 46,715 drug therapy each one of the 46,715 documents drug therapy on drug therapy must also disease concern some aspect of disease group by age and refer to a group by age DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE

14. 12,661 child each one of the 12,661 documents child on child must also disease concern some aspect of disease therapy and therapy

15. child pointing and clicking on child groups by age in the groups by age facet refines all three views to 12,661 documents

16. 2,209 cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease the 17,859 documents on cardiovascular disease reduces to 2,209 child each one relating to child

17. the groups by age facet now contains more specific descriptors child for child

18. pointing and clicking on the drug therapy drug therapy folder reveals more specific descriptors e.g. 300 documents on antibiotic therapy pointing and clicking on antibiotic therapy further refines all three views to 300 documents diseases revealing which diseases are treated by antibiotic therapy

19. Adding a new view enables us to types of study see what types of study were used

20. pointing and clicking on the document icon against randomized controlled trial leads to a display of the actual documents

21. Unfortunately: EMBASE is not using pre-coordinated index terms The results are from post-coordination We will get false drops - which could be avoided if we use pre-coordinated terms The best performance from view-based searching will be achieved with indexing which uses faceted classification

22. “It is the duty of documentalists to spread the multi-dimensional universe of knowledge along one line. We have to map an n-dimensional space on a one-dimensional space. S R Ranganathan This is the problem in the organization of information and knowledge for use.”

23. Unlike Ranganathan’s Colon Classification and other faceted schemes we do not need to choose a sequence for the facets for view-based searching DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE THERAPY : DISEASE : GROUPS BY AGE GROUPS BY AGE : THERAPY : DISEASE DISEASE : GROUPS BY AGE : THERAPY DISEASE : GROUPS BY AGE : THERAPYetc..

24. Unlike Ranganathan’s Colon Classification and other faceted schemes we can use as many or as few facets as are appropriate for the database and the information need TYPES OF STUDY :DISEASE : THERAPY : GROUPS BY AGE THERAPY : DISEASE : GROUPS BY AGE THERAPY : DISEASE PUBLICATION TYPE : DISEASE : THERAPY DISEASE : COUNTRY OF AUTHOR : YEAR etc..

25. At the University of Huddersfield 22 shelving assistants each walk some 55 miles every week from September to June to keep our books in order 43,560 miles a year In UK Universities these assistants walk some 6.5 million miles a year (10.5 million kilometers) Computers can rearrange the multimedia library stock in a matter of seconds

26. We can use the power of Information Technology to free ourselves from the shackles of physical arrangement Information is multi-dimensional Ranganathan’s “one dimensional space” can be particular to each individual. That individual can choose how that space can be effectively organised, given tools such as HIBROWSE ® and knowledge structures