1. Research Methods -7 Communicating about Research CHAPTER7

2. Research Methods -7 教学目标 1 、明确学习研究论文撰写的意义 2 、知道研究论文的撰写结构 3 、能运用所学的知识撰写研究论文 1 、明确学习研究论文撰写的意义 2 、知道研究论文的撰写结构 3 、能运用所学的知识撰写研究论文

3. Research Methods -7 Types of Errors and Shortcomings in Reports 1. The most commonly identified error, which really was an omission, was the lack of validity and reliability information about the data-collection instruments, an error that appeared in 43 percent of the articles. 2. Research designs may be weak or inappropriate, sampling may have flaws, and the analyses may not be the most appropriate or they may even be wrong. 3. Reports may be so poorly written that, even if the procedures and analyses are correct, there is confusion that leads to misunderstanding.

4. Research Methods -7  调查报告  实验报告  专题  评述  综述  译述  学位论文  专著  调查报告  实验报告  专题  评述  综述  译述  学位论文  专著 Types of Research Paper

5. Research Methods -7 写作前的准备工作  资料的收集  写作的构思 题目的选择 论点的确立 论据与资料的分配 提纲的编拟 写作前的准备工作  资料的收集  写作的构思 题目的选择 论点的确立 论据与资料的分配 提纲的编拟 研究论文的撰写

6. Research Methods -7 Major Sections Of the Research Report In a research report, the writer describes completed research. There are discussions of what research was done, how it was done, and the results and conclusions of the research. The significance of the research also is addressed.

7. Research Methods -7 Major Sections  Introduction, including the Statement of the Problem  Review of the Literature  Methods or Procedures  Results  Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications  Introduction, including the Statement of the Problem  Review of the Literature  Methods or Procedures  Results  Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications

8. Research Methods -7  Cover Page.  Abstract.  Budget.  Timeline.  Staff Resumes.  Appendices. Other Sections of the Research Proposal

9. Research Methods -7 The introduction should address the questions: what is the research problem, where does it fit in the educational context, and what is its significance? Introduction

10. Research Methods -7 导言： 研究的背景、国内外研究现状 ; 提出问题、研究的意义、文献综述； 某些概念的界定；使用的研究方法等。 正文：理论基础、模块分析设计、具体研 究过程等。 导言： 研究的背景、国内外研究现状 ; 提出问题、研究的意义、文献综述； 某些概念的界定；使用的研究方法等。 正文：理论基础、模块分析设计、具体研 究过程等。

11. Research Methods -7 Use of Tables There are some relatively straightforward rules to follow when constructing tables: 1.The title should state specifically what the table contains, including the referent or source of the content. 2. Appropriate subheadings should be included for rows and columns. 3. The number of different types of information a table contains should be limited. Use of Tables There are some relatively straightforward rules to follow when constructing tables: 1.The title should state specifically what the table contains, including the referent or source of the content. 2. Appropriate subheadings should be included for rows and columns. 3. The number of different types of information a table contains should be limited.

12. Research Methods -7 4. Spacing in the table should be such that numbers are clearly separated. Do not crowd. 5. If possible, tables should be limited to a single page. 6. Table formats should be consistent within a report. 7. An excessive number of lines should not be included. Horizontal lines may be used to set off headings, but vertical lines are seldom necessary. The information should not appear as if it is being “caged”. 4. Spacing in the table should be such that numbers are clearly separated. Do not crowd. 5. If possible, tables should be limited to a single page. 6. Table formats should be consistent within a report. 7. An excessive number of lines should not be included. Horizontal lines may be used to set off headings, but vertical lines are seldom necessary. The information should not appear as if it is being “caged”.

13. Research Methods -7 The results should be presented clearly and follow directly from the analyses. They should be complete. Results Conclusions should follow directly from the results, and this section should address external validity of the research, as well as providing closure for the entire report. Conclusions, Recommendations, and Implications

14. Research Methods -7 概述你的工作。实际上是在阐述你对所做工 作的核心内容及其价值的认识。 对研究不足的分析。对研究过程、方法、结 果的反思。 对下一步研究的建议。体现了你对这个领域 研究发展趋势的把握。 概述你的工作。实际上是在阐述你对所做工 作的核心内容及其价值的认识。 对研究不足的分析。对研究过程、方法、结 果的反思。 对下一步研究的建议。体现了你对这个领域 研究发展趋势的把握。 重视结论

15. Research Methods -7 参考文献： 在写作过程中使用过的文章、著作 名录、论文有关的重要文献。 注释：夹注、脚注、尾注 参考文献： 在写作过程中使用过的文章、著作 名录、论文有关的重要文献。 注释：夹注、脚注、尾注

16. Research Methods -7 附录： 对正文起补充说明作用的信息材料（问 卷调查表、测试成绩表、程序代码等） 翻译的英文资料 致谢： 以简短的文字对课题研究与论文撰写过程中曾 直接给予帮助的人员表示自已的谢意，这不仅是 一种礼貌，也是对他人劳动的尊重，是治学者应 有的思想作风。 附录： 对正文起补充说明作用的信息材料（问 卷调查表、测试成绩表、程序代码等） 翻译的英文资料 致谢： 以简短的文字对课题研究与论文撰写过程中曾 直接给予帮助的人员表示自已的谢意，这不仅是 一种礼貌，也是对他人劳动的尊重，是治学者应 有的思想作风。

17. Research Methods -7 Overall Impressions when evaluating a report 1. Technically, a report should be “clean”, that is, free of spelling errors, use accepted headings and formats, and follow a logical organization. 2. The writing in the report should be complete, but also concise. 3. A report should be clearly written and readable.

18. Research Methods -7 4. Definitions should be provided as necessary, and any assumptions underlying the research and the conclusions drawn from it should be stated. 5. Overall, the reader should get a feeling of completeness and cohesiveness about the research report.

19. Research Methods -7 如何发现自己的研究领域 保护草坪是很难的，因为草坪上的路往往 并不是按人的方便性来修的。有一次一个 设计师承接了一个项目，交付使用后在这 个建筑物的周围全部铺上了草坪，没有路 ，任人去踩，几个月后，草坪上就分明出 现了几条道：有粗有细，然后他就此基础 上修路，也有粗有细。

20. Research Methods -12 Designed by F.Y.N. Exercises Select a research problem of limited magnitude and write a proposal about doing a research project on the problem.