1. ES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems Applications of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

2. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems2 Fuel Cell Reference: http://www.fuelcells.org An electro-chemical device that continuously converts the chemical energy of a fuel and oxidant to electrical energy or heat. Advantages: quiet, low emission and highly efficient Disadvantage: currently high cost

3. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems3 Electronic Cooling Fast and compact microprocessor chip has a high energy dissipation rate per unit volume. fins fans

4. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems4 Blood Flow Through the Human Heart Effect of cholesterol in blood flow: increase blood pressure Courtesy of HeartPoint

5. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems5 Aircraft Engine Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney Gas turbine engine technology: highly efficient

6. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems6 Components of a Gas Turbine Engine Diffuser Inlet Combustor Compressor Turbine Nozzle

7. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems7 Multiple Blade Set in Compressor/Turbine

8. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems8 Inside a Compressor/Turbine Rotor blades add energy to the working fluid stream. Stator blades direct the trajectory of the working fluid. Multiple-stage design of compression/expansion is more efficient than single stage. Blade design in turbomachinery using computational methods. Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University stator blade rotor blade

9. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems9 Future Quieter Airplane!! Sawtooth geometry (chevron) in engine exhaust nozzle to reduce engine noise. primary stream secondary (bypass) stream

10. ApplicationsES 202 Fluid and Thermal Systems10 Aerodynamic Design Upper surface Lower surface High-speed civil transport: Pressure coefficient at Mach 2.2: blue (low value), red (high value) Images taken from Aerospace Computing Laboratory, Stanford University