1. URI Based Research on Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation and Epilepsy Riley Davis Biomedical Engineering University of Rhode Island Brown Gold Yellow Blue

2. Introduction What is epilepsy? Who gets epilepsy? What is a seizure and how does it occur? How is epilepsy treated?

3. Research Noninvasive Trans Focal Electrical Stimulation (TFES) Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes (TCRE) – Neurotransmitters – Recordings/data

4. Purpose Brain Computer Interface – Help people with severe motor disabilities Epilepsy Research – Noninvasive – Early detection – Control seizure – Higher success rate

5. Process TCRE – Observe/record – Detect – Transmit – Observe/record Video All animal protocol was approved by the University of Rhode Island IACUC.

6. Advantages TCRE – Significantly reduce signals from undesired sources. – Isolate the signals from sources more effectively – Function externally/noninvasively – Removes complications involved with surgery and side effects

7. New Data

8. The Team POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS Makeyev, Oleksandr, Ph.D. Mucio, Samuel, M.S Lui, Xiang, M.S. UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Alejo, Cesar Perez, Christian J. Togba, Michelle INVITED SCHOLARS GRADUATE STUDENTS

9. Resources 1.Beghi, E., et al. (2005). Comment on Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy: Definitions Proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 46(10), 1698–1699. 2.Sander, J. W. (2003). The Epidemiology of Epilepsy Revisited. Current Opinion in Neurology, 16(2), 165–170. 3.Besio, W. G., et al. (2011). Transcutaneous Focal Electrical Stimulation via Concentric Ring Electrodes Reduces Synchrony Induced by Pentylenetetrazole in BETTA and GAMMA Bands in Rats. International Journal of Neural Systems, 21(2), 139–149. 4.During, M. J. (2002). Hippocampal GABA transporter function in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Nature, 376, 174-177. 5.Xi, Z., & Gardner, E. L. (2008). Hypothesis-Driven Medication Discovery for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Addiction. Curr Drug Abuse Rev, 1(3), 303–327. 6.Besio, W. G., et al. (2007) Feasibility of noninvasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation for modulating pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus seizures in rats, Epilepsia 48(12) 2273–2279.