1. Development and Human Factors Analysis of Neuronavigation vs. Augmented Reality A. Pandya 1,2, M.R. Siadat 3, G. Auner 1,2, M. Kalash 1, R.D. Ellis 2 apandya@ece.eng.wayne.edu 1 Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 2 Biomedical Engineering Department 3 Computer Science Department Wayne State University Detroit, Mi.

2. Augmented Reality (AR) VS Neuronavigation (VR) Research Question: Does AR offer any Advantages over VR?

3. Augmented Reality Vs. Neuronavigation (Its not enough to develop technology, we must test it.) Augmented Reality Neuronavigation (VR) Movie

4. Client-Server Implementation Tracked Video Stream 3D Models or Sensor Data Robotic Kinematic Server Object Registration Software Image Guidance Clients Augmented Reality Clients Camera Calibration Data Robotic Hardware Mounted Camera System

5. Real-time Augmentation of Objects in a Phantom Skull

6. Number of Errors AR vs. NN AverageSTDP value AR1.041.02 0.06846 NN1.711.27

7. AR Takes Less Time AverageSTDP value AR5.382.74 0.00013 NN8.471.90

8. Summary: Implementation of a prototype augmented robotics. Performed a verification study of system accuracy. Implemented a Neuronavigation system. Performed a verification study of the system accuracy. 21 Subjects study to determine performance enhancements of AR vs. Neuronavigation Future Work: Expand the HF study to include more complex procedures. Implement AR on active medical robotic Investigate the use of registered sensors. Investigate the use of 3D ultrasound with AR. It is not enough to develop technology, it must be tested for performance enhancement with the end-user in mind.