1. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 1 Interaction Region Design for a Super-B Factory M. Sullivan for the Super-B Factory Workshop Hawaii January 19-22, 2004

2. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 2 Outline General B-factory parameters and constraints Present B-factory IRs Super B-factory IR attempts Summary

3. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 3  There is always some local synchrotron radiation from bending magnets PEP-II generates a large amount of local SR in order to make head-on collisions. KEKB also generates a lot of SR even though they have a large crossing angle because they designed for on-axis incoming beams. This shifts all of the bending SR to the downstream side and consequently increases the power levels of the downstream fans striking the nearby vacuum chambers. Some Issues and Constraints

4. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 4  The Q1 magnet is always going to be shared The Q1 magnet is the closest quadrupole to the IP. At least one beam is always bent in this vertically focusing magnet. This bending generates SR fans.  The Q2 magnet must be a septum magnet If this next closest magnet is common to both beams then one loses most of the beam separation because it is x-focusing. Making this magnet a septum magnet forces a certain amount of beam separation at the face of the Q2 magnet (about 100 mm between beam center lines for PEP-II). Constraints...

5. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 5

6. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 6

7. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 7  Maximum solid angle Try to keep all accelerator components far enough away from the IP to maximize the detector acceptance This conflicts with accelerator requirements to minimize the spot size by pushing in the final focus magnets  Adequate shielding from local SR The collision beam pipe (usually Be) must be shielded from locally generated SR and lost beam particles at least well enough to avoid swamping the detectors. Detector requirements

8. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 8  Minimum amount of material in the detector beampipe This conflicts with having enough SR shielding (usually a thin coating of Au) to keep detector occupancy at acceptable levels  Minimum radius for the beam pipe This must be balanced with the requested thinness of the beam pipe. The smaller the beam pipe the more power it must be able to handle (kW). More detector requirements

9. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 9  Large high-field solenoid This forces the final shared magnet (Q1) to be either permanent magnet or super-conducting (maybe also Q2)  Adequate shielding from beam backgrounds Collimators and shield walls are needed to protect the detector from backgrounds generated around the ring  Low pressure vacuum system near the IP This minimizes lost beam particles generated near the IP that can not be collimated out Still more detector requirements

10. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 10 Machine Parameters that are Important for the IR PEP-IIKEKB LER energy3.13.5GeV HER energy9.08.0GeV LER current1.961.51A HER current1.321.13A  y * 12.5 6.5mm  x * 25 60cm X emittance5020nm-rad Estimated  y * 52.2  m Bunch spacing1.26 2.4m Number of bunches13171284 Collision anglehead-on  11mrads Beam pipe radius2.51.5cm Luminosity7.2  10 33 11.3  10 33 cm  sec 

11. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 11 Beam Parameters for a PEP-III 1  10 36 Luminosity Accelerator

12. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 12 PEP-III Super B Now Projected Upgrade Super B LER energy 3.1 3.1 3.1 ? 3.5 GeV HER energy 9.0 9.0 9.0 ? 8.0 GeV LER current 1.8 3.6 4.5 22.2 A HER current 1.0 1.8 2.09.7 A  y * 12.5 8.5 6.51.5 mm  x * 28 28 2815 cm X emittance 50 40 4070 nm-rad Estimated  y * 4.9 3.6 2.71.7  m Bunch spacing 1.89 ~1.5 1.260.63 m Number of bunches 1034 1500 17003400 Collision angle head-on head-on 0  3.25  12-14 mrads Beam pipe radius 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5-2.0? cm Luminosity 6.6  10 33 1.8  10 34 3.3  10 34 1  10 36 cm  sec 

13. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 13  Present PEP-II beam energies 9 GeV and 3.1 GeV  Symmetric optics Generates upstream SR fans  +/- 12 mrad crossing angle (a la KEK) Must have a crossing angle. Very difficult if not impossible to have 3400 bunches (1 st parasitic crossing is at 31.5 cm from the IP) without a crossing angle. In addition, the radiation fans from B1 type magnets would become very intense at these high beam currents. 1 st attempt

14. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 14

15. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 15

16. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 16  KEK beam energies 8 GeV and 3.5 GeV Lowering the energy ratio improves the SR fans at the IP. The upstream fans are further away from the beam pipe allowing for a smaller radius pipe.  Symmetric optics  +/- 12 mrad crossing angle (a la KEK) 2 nd attempt

17. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 17

18. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 18

19. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 19 2 cm radius and 1 cm radius beam pipes The 1 cm radius beam pipe intercepts about 5 kW of power from the LER and nearly the same amount of power from the HER

20. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 20  Asymmetric optics (again a la KEK) The upsteam QD1 magnet for the LER is essentially on axis The magnet locations are still symmetric (+/-Z) Still have some upstream bending but the fans are greatly reduced from the previous symmetric optics case. The main SR fans still clear the local IR.  +/- 14 mrad crossing angle The larger crossing angle is needed to keep the QF2 magnet at the 2.5m point from the IP This large a crossing angle opens up the possibility of filling all 6800 bunches if the RF freq. is doubled 3 rd attempt

21. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 21

22. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 22 A 1 cm radius beam pipe might be possible now

23. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 23  Detector magnetic field axis This constraint has not been added in yet. In order to minimize the torques on the QD1 magnets these two magnets need to be aligned with the detector magnetic field. The average axis of the two magnets is then the detector axis. 4 th attempt (to be continued)

24. Super-B Factory Workshop January 19-22, 2004 Super-B IR design M. Sullivan 24 A super B-factory IR is quite challenging The very high beam currents rule out designs in which SR fans are intercepted locally The IR design in the areas of detector backgrounds, HOM power and SR quadrupole radiation are all very difficult and need to be thoroughly studied. The trick is to find a solution that satisfies all of these requirements without compromising the physics Summary