1. English Language Teaching: Approaches and Methods Part 2
Dr. Desmond Thomas,
International Academy,
University of Essex

2. Characteristics of CLT
Based on the idea of 4 types of communicative competence (grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, strategic) and therefore ...
Focus on function rather than form
Focus on linguistic appropriacy
Focus on actual language use

3. Implications for the CLT classroom
Communicative speaking activities
Communicative writing activities
Use of ‘authentic materials’
Emphasis on S-S interaction and on learner autonomy
Attitude to error-making changes
Role of the teacher changes

4. Johnson’s 5 Principles for Communicative Exercises
InformationTransfer Principle
Information Gap Principle
Jigsaw Principle
Task Dependency Principle
Correction for Content Principle

5. How CLT changed the world
New materials
New types of activities
New roles for learners
New roles for teachers
A real challenge for testers: how to assess communicative ability?

6. CLT in its ‘strong form’

7. Approaches associated with CLT
Humanistic language teaching
Task-based learning (Prabhu 1987, Second language pedagogy)
Dogme (‘Materials light’) approach (Scott Thornbury)

8. Further reading
Johnson, K. 1982, Communicative Syllabus Design and Methodology, Pergamon
Munby, J. 1978, Communicative Syllabus Design, Cambridge University Press