1. The LHC Machine and Experiments
Gigi Rolandi – CERN PH
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

2. The LHC machine First full LHC cell (~ 120 m long) :
6 dipoles + 4 quadrupoles;
successful tests at nominal current (12 kA)
8.4 Tesla
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
More than half of the 1232 dipoles are produced
30 June 2005

3. Lowering of the first dipole
into the tunnel (March 2005)
The magnet production proceeds very well and is on schedule, also the quality of the magnets is very good
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

4. 28th June: 49 dipoles installed
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

5. LHC construction and installation
Cryogenics (QRL) in the tunnel
Interconnection of the dipoles
On the critical path for the first collisions,
is the installation of the LHC in the tunnel,
in particular due to delays in the cryogenic services
lines (QRL) which initially had problems,
and for which a recovery plan was implemented
successfully
Dipole installation in the tunnel
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

6. LHC installation and hardware commissioning plan
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

7. QRL installation is now proceeding smoothly.
The main remaining problem is the fast ramp up of production of service modules to feed the installation sites at the speed required.
Machine installation has started.
Hardware commissioning finished by end June Ready for beam.
Lyn Evans’ conclusions from the
his presentation at the last RRB
on the LHC status (end April 2005)
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

8. Objectives for the Pilot RUN Reach a Luminosity of 1032
Low Luminosity run at 25 ns separation
Difficult to speculate further on what the performance might be in the first year. As always, CERN accelerators departments will do their best !
Lyn Evans
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

9. LHCb Spectrometer OT Muon System Magnet RICH1 VELO RICH2 TT
Calo. System
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

10. LHCb Experimental Area
RICH1 shielding-box
in front of magnet
magnet
Hcal
Ecal
Fe muon filters
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

11. LHCb Level-1/High Level Trigger and DAQ
PT Level-0: 40 MHz1 MHz
Level-1: 1 MHz40 KHz
Level-1 data (VELO, TT, L0-info)
with a possibility to include Tracker, Muon, L0-Calo
HLT data (all data)
40kHz
@ 50kB/event
~5kB/event
Network Switches
sub-
farm
sub-
farm
sub-
farm
sub-
farm
sub-
farm
commercial
components …
storage
device
network
decision
2000 Hz
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

12. Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

13. LHCb will be ready to fully exploit LHC since day one
LHCb Status
Good achievement made for the construction of many subsystems
Construction of the muon chambers is proceeding with tight planning
Pilot Run  commission run for calibration alignment
(J/Psi ….x-sections…)
LHCb will be ready to fully exploit LHC since day one
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

14. ALICE ALICE TOF TRD HMPID TPC PMD ITS Muon Arm PHOS
Detector
Size: 16 x 26 meters
Weight: 10,000 tons
TOF
TRD
HMPID
TPC
PMD
ITS
Muon Arm
PHOS
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

15. magnet volume: 12 m long, 12 m high 0.5 T solenoidal field
still largest magnet
magnet volume: 12 m long, 12 m high
0.5 T solenoidal field
The ALICE Magnet: ready for the experiment to move in!
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

16. Largest ever TPC 88 m3
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

17. Initial working detector well on track for collisions in summer 2007
ALICE INSTALLATION
‘initial working detector’ for initial pp and HI physics
Pb-Pb initial L ~ few 1025 cm-2s-1 (1/20 of design) => large cross section processes
Some of the most interesting results of RICH came out in the first few days: Global event properties.
aim for ‘complete detector’ for collisions in 2008
50% of TRD , 3 out of 5 PHOS
Initial working detector well on track for collisions in summer 2007
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
2/2/2005 LHCC Status Report J. Schukraft

18. Compact Muon Solenoid CALORIMETERS SUPERCONDUCTING COIL IRON YOKE
ECAL
HCAL
Scintillating
PbWO4 crystals
Plastic scintillator/brass
sandwich
IRON YOKE
TRACKER
Silicon Microstrips
Pixels
Total weight : 12,500 t
Overall diameter : 15 m
Overall length : 21.6 m
Magnetic field : 4 Tesla
MUON
ENDCAPS
MUON BARREL
Drift Tube
Resistive Plate
Cathode Strip Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Resistive Plate Chambers
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

19. CMS Assembly Sequence Surface Underground
Construct barrel yoke & cable
Prepare infrastructure in USC
Prepare solenoid vac tank
Install shielding in UXC
Construct endcap yoke & cable
Prepare infrastructure in UXC
Assemble hadron calorimeters
Install muon chambers in yoke
Complete ECAL barrel & cable
Assemble coil & insert in vac tank
Install Tracker and cable
Insert barrel HCAL inside coil
Install beam-pipe
Close experiment and commission
TEST MAGNET
FIRST PHYSICS
Lower underground in big entities
Install ECAL endcap & pixel
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

20. Cold mass of CMS coil complete
CMS Magnet Status
Cold mass of CMS coil complete
Swiveling and
Insertion tests
With dummy coil
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

21. CMS Heavy Lowering 15 heavy lifts of about 1 week duration each.
Heavy lowering will start in Mar 2006, after magnet test
15 heavy lifts of about 1 week duration each.
Heaviest piece (central wheel + solenoid) 2000 tonnes.
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

22. 70% of DT chambers assembled, 15% installed
CMS Barrel Muon Spectrometer
70% of DT chambers assembled, 15% installed
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

23. 60% CSCs installed, 50% commissioned with cosmic rays
CMS Endcap Muon Spectrometer
All 400 chambers produced !
CSC installation
60% CSCs installed, 50% commissioned with cosmic rays
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

24. CMS Tracker TIB Shells
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

25. CMS Commissioning
Now : detectors being commissioned with cosmic rays also in large chunks, addressing system issues.
Q1 06, cosmic challenge: slice test of CMS during the Magnet Test
Test with cosmic rays will continue in the pit after installation and re-cabling
Pilot run: Assume that we get a reasonable amount of collision data which are completed by Beam Gas/Beam Halo Muon datasets
LVL1/HLT/DAQ: Timing-in, data coherence, sub-system synchronization, calibration, debug algorithms, …
ECAL and HCAL calibration :Intercalibrate barrel crystals - “Phi Symmetry Method” ~2% and Cross check and complete source calibration for HCAL channels ~2%
Tracker and Muon alignment : Align the tracker strip detector significantly below the 100 mm level, Align the muon chambers at the 100 mm level
Gigi Rolandi - CERN

26. CMS Status Civil Engineering is off the Critical Path
Magnet: Coil connected. Start swivelling preparations in June Q1-06 end magnet test and cosmic challenge & start heavy lowering April 06
HCAL, Muons : construction on schedule and well advanced.
TO WATCH:
ECAL: Crystals production, new contracts signed with two vendors.
TRACKER: Hybrid production and tracker integration at CERN.
*ECAL endcaps and pixels (even though ready) will be installed during winter 2007 shutdown in time for physics run in 2008.
Initial CMS* detector will be ready and closed for beam on 30 June 2007.
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

27. Requires special machine conditions– similar to polarization at LEP.
TOTEM
beta* = 1540 m, 43 bunches, low emittance
Plus large t elastic scattering at 18 m
3 x 1-day runs at 1540 plus 2 short runs at 18 m
Roman Pots at 10 , high beam stability, low BGs
Requires special machine conditions– similar to polarization at LEP.
The difficulty and challenge of TOTEM operation is coming from the requested precision for both optics & beams.
Roman Pots at ~10 imply :
collimators must be set to 6/7 s.
e* ~ 1 mm, ~ 4 times smaller than nominal :
 collimator gaps  1 mm

28. ATLAS Gigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June 2005 Diameter 25 m
ATLAS superimposed to
the 5 floors of building 40
Diameter m
Barrel toroid length 26 m
End-cap end-wall chamber span 46 m
Overall weight Tons
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

29. ATLAS Installation
5 out of 8 coils installed End of coil installation by july 05
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

30. ATLAS MDT Chamber production
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

31. ATLAS LAr EM Barrel Calorimeter and Solenoid Commissioning
The barrel EM calorimeter is installed in the cryostat, and after insertion of the solenoid, the
cold vessel was closed and welded
A successful complete cold test (with LAr) was made during summer 2004 in hall 180
End of October the cryostat was transported to the pit, and lowered into the cavern
LAr barrel EM calorimeter after insertion into the
cryostat
Solenoid just before insertion into the
cryostat
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

32. ATLAS combined test beam in 2004
Towards the complete experiment: ATLAS
Full “vertical slice” of ATLAS tested on CERN H8 beam line May-November 2004 x z y
Geant4 simulation
of test-beam set-up
For the first time, all ATLAS sub-detectors
integrated and run together with common
DAQ, “final” electronics, DCS, etc.
Gained lot of global operation experience
during ~ 6 month run. Common ATLAS
software used to analyze the data
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

33. ATLAS Commissioning
Commissioning with physics data proceeds in four phases:
Phase 3 : Cosmics running
 initial physics alignment / calibration of the detector
 debugging of sub-systems, mapping dead channels etc.
Phase 4 : One beam in the machine
 beam-halo muons and beam-gas events
 more detailed alignment / calibration etc.
Phase 5 : First pp collisions : prepare the trigger and the detector
tune trigger menus / measure efficiencies
begin to measure reconstruction efficiencies, fake rates, energy scales, resolutions etc.
Phase 6 : Commissioning of physics channels
Improve measurements
begin to understand backgrounds to discovery channels …
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

34. ATLAS Commissioning – cosmic rays
First Cosmic ray observed by ATLAS Hadron Tilecal calorimeter in the pit on June 20th
One track reconstructed in Muon chambers
Two tracks reconstructed in Inner Detector
Will happen every ~ 10 s
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

35. ATLAS Status
Component construction is (almost) complete for several sub-systems, The completion of the Inner detector is proceeding with very tight planning.
emphasis has shifted to integration, installation and commissioning
Large-scale surface system tests, in particular the combined test beam runs, have been a very major activity in 2004
There is very good progress of the schedule-critical magnet assembly, and on the general installation status and activities in the cavern
The commissioning has started: organization, planning, activities
Atlas is on Track for collisions in summer 2007 and physics still in 2007
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005

36. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory fully committed to the LHC project
Machine : past year achievements have been impressive giving robustness to the schedule
Main objective remains to complete LHC installation towards end of 2006 and to get first beams by summer 2007
Experiments : generally on track for ready for beam in middle Emphasis now on commissioning and preparation for pilot run.
Gigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June 2005