2. 1 Facoltà di Economia Corso di Laurea in Economia e Gestione Aziendale Corso di Laurea in Economia e Finanza Lingua Inglese prof.ssa Luisanna Fodde a.a. 2003/20034

3. Innovation

4. Innovation Innovate Invent Discover InnovationInvention Discovery InnovatorInventorDiscoverer Telephone, aspirin, toothpaste, wheel Fire, electricity, gold The creation of a new device, process, or product Something already existing in nature, people did not create it.

5. Innovation The twentieth and twenty-first centuries Communication revolutionized the world. It is hard to imagine a world without the Internet, Television, books and all the other ways we communicate over distances. These inventors changed the world

6. INNOVATION Modern Inventions of 2001 Modern Inventions of 2001 AbioCor artificial heart invented by Abiomed - the Abiocor represents groundbreaking medical miniaturization technology. Nuvaring birth control invented by Organon. Artificial liver invented by Dr. Kenneth Matsumura and Alin Foundation. Fuel cell bike invented by Aprilia. Self-cleaning windows invented by PPG Industries. Modern Inventions of 2002 Braille Glove invented by Ryan Patterson. Phone tooth invented by James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau. Nano-tex - nanotechnology wearable fabrics invented by Nano-tex LLC. Birth control patch invented by Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical. Foveon Camera Chip invented by Richard Merrill. Date Rape Drug Spotter invented by Francisco Guerra. Solar Tower invented by Jorg Schlaich. Virtual keyboard invented by Canesta and VKB.

7. INNOVATION A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor A patent gives the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention. A trademark is a word, name, symbol or device which is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others. Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of “original works of authorship” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of the writing.

8. The Passive Voice In scientific writing, passive voice is preferred since using it allows one to write without using personal pronouns or the names of particular researchers as the subjects of sentences. This practice helps to create the appearance of an objective, fact- based discourse because writers can present research and conclusions without attributing them to particular agents. Instead, the writing appears to convey information that is not limited or influenced by individual perspectives or personal interests. You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a form of be, such as am, is, was, were, are, or been. The presence of a be-verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice sentences is that they may include a "by the..." phrase after the verb; the agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase.

9. The Passive Voice Passive (indirect)Active (direct): The entrance exam was failedMost students failed By most studentsthe entrance exam Your bycicle has been I have damaged your damaged (by?)bycicle AGENT OMITTED Passive (more wordy)Active (more concise) Action on the bill is being The committee is considering considered by the Committeeaction on the bill

10. The Passive Voice Changing passive to active If you want to change a passive-voice sentence to active voice, find the agent in a "by the..." phrase, or consider carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb. Make that agent the subject of the sentence, and change the verb accordingly. The book is being read by most of the class Most of the class is reading the book Results will be published in the next issue of the journal (BY? AGENT OMITTED) The researchers will publish their results in the next issue of the journal Mistakes were made (AGENT NOT SPECIFIED) We made mistakes